RNA
Similar to a photocopy, this carries information for protein synthesis to the cytoplasm.
Each nucleic acid contains four of these
Bases
The first step of transcription
Initiation
Where translation begins (AUG)
Start Codon or Methionine
A mutation where a piece of DNA is removed from a chromosome
Inversion
These bring amino acids to ribosomes, and all cells synthesize at least one type of them for all amino acids.
Transfer RNA
These 20 various molecules make proteins
Amino Acids
This allows for the rewinding of the DNA into a double helix and is the second stage transcription.
Elongation
Noncoding segments in eukaryotic cells that are within a gene
Introns
A mutation where a piece of DNA is removed from one chromosome and attached to another
Translocation
Ribosomes are made up of these as well as many proteins, and they contain 2 subunits
Ribosomal RNA
These are known as the words of the genetic code
Codons
This moves from the 3' end of a gene to the 5' end during elongation
RNA polymerase
The final stage of translation
Termination
Where one or more pairs of nucleotides are taken away from a gene
Deletion
The cellular structures that perform protein synthesis from the instructions of the mRNA.
Ribosome
The biological dictionary that writes the rules for base sequence translating from DNA and RNA to the amino acid sequences of RNA
Genetic Code
When this DNA base sequence is reached RNA polymerase stops going down the gene's template strand.
Termination Signal
It tells protein synthesis to end.
Stop Codon
Where one or more pairs of nucleotides are being added
Insertion
There are 20 of these and they recognize all the different types of tRNA.
Amino Acids
All nucleic acids have bases which contain this.
Nitrogen
A string of DNA which is traveled down by RNA polymerase after binding to the promoter.
Template strand
These release vacant tRNAs and then shift to a following codon in a molecule of mRNA.
Ribosomes
A point mutation where one base pair is changed in DNA.
Substitution