Transcription
Where does Transcription occur?
In the Nucleus.
Where, in the cell, does Translation occur?
In the Cytoplasm (at the Ribosome)
What is the base pairing rule (Chargaff's Rule) in DNA?
Adenine - Thymine
Guanine - Cytosine
What is the base pairing rule in RNA?
Adenine - Uracil
Guanine - Cytosine
Mutations are random
True or False?
True
Transcription is the process of making an RNA molecule from a DNA ______________
Template
Translation is the converting of mRNA bases into a sequence of _____________________
Amino acids (to form a protein molecule)
Genes are the inherited _________________ that are passed from parent to offspring.
Instructions (or, code)
A codon is a group of ____________________ in mRNA.
3 bases (that code for an amino acid)
These are chemical or physical agents in the environment that can cause mutations.
Mutagens
Transcription occurs in both types of cell division.
What are the two types of cell division?
Mitosis and Meiosis
What amino acid does the codon AGU code for?
Serine (Ser)
Which enzyme is responsible for "unzipping" the double helix DNA molecule for replication?
DNA Polymerase
What are the 3 types of RNA?
mRNA (messenger RNA)
rRNA (ribosomal RNA)
tRNA (transfer RNA)
Give an example of a chemical mutagen
Pesticides, Tobacco, Radioactivity
What is the signal in DNA called, that tells RNA polymerase where to start and stop?
Promoter
Proteins are long chains called _______________
Polypeptides
A nucleotide consists of what 3 parts?
A ribose sugar, a Phosphate group and a nitrogen base (A,T,C, or G)
Each step in the replication process of DNA to mRNA and then to proteins is controlled by _____
Enzymes
What type of mutation occurs when only one base pair in the DNA has been changed?
Point Mutation
What type of (weak) bonds hold the 2 strands of DNA together?
Hydrogen bonds
What amino acid does the codon CUU code for?
Leucine (Leu)
What is the process by which cells specialize into specific types of cells?
tRNA (transfer RNA) brings a 3-base (3 letter) group to attach to the codon. What is this 3-base group called?
"Anti-codon"
A mutation that shifts the reading frame of the code is called ___________
Frameshift mutation