Terms
Processes
Diagrams
Gene Regulation
DNA Structure
Replication
DNA vs RNA
Meiosis
Chromosomes
100
instructions, located in the nucleus (which it can’t leave)
DNA
100
Protein synthesis takes 2 steps: ________ and _________.
Transcription, Translation
100
What are the two molecules involved in the process below?
DNA, mRNA
100
a change in a DNA sequence
Mutation
100
Strong ___________ bonds compose the sugar-phosphate and the sugar-nitrogen base bonds.
covalent
100
In a molecule of DNA, the nitrogen bases will be represented by the letters __, __, __, and ___.
A,T,C, and G.
100
Is the molecule below a strand of DNA or RNA? How do you know?
A U G G C C A U C A A A
RNA, because uracil is present.
100
A sperm cell of an oyster has 14 chromosomes. What is the total number of chromosomes that should be present in a stomach cell of the same oyster?
28
100
In humans, where does DNA replication take place?
the nucleus
200
copies instructions in DNA and carries these to the ribosomes in the cytoplasm
mRNA
200
The process of making an identical copy of DNA
DNA Replication
200
Name the process occuring below
Transcription
200
Transcription factors that decrease transcription
Repressors
200
What is the sugar associated with the molecule DNA?
Deoxyribose
200
Replicate this strand of DNA:
A T C T T G C A A A G G C T
T A G A A C G T T T C C G A
200
The nucleotides of an RNA molecule will be represented by the letters ___, ___, ___, and ___.
A, U, C, and G
200
In which phase of meiosis would certain gene segments of the homologous pairs of chromosomes "crossover" and exchange genetic information?
Prophase I
200
Give an example of a human somatic cell.
Any type of body cell (skin, stomach, heart, liver...)
300
along with proteins, make up the ribosome
They also help catalyze the formation of peptide bonds!
rRNA
300
DNA is copied into a complementary strand of mRNA.
Transcription
300
What process is occuring in number 4?
Translation
300
Transcription factors that increase transcription
Activators
300
Name the three basic elements of a nucleotide?
Sugar, phosphate, and a nitrogen base.
300
How many amino acids are coded for by the strand of mRNA shown here? Assume the reading frame begins with the first nucleotide.
A U G U A C
2
300
Name the three basic components of an RNA nucleotide
Ribose, phosphate, nitrogen base
300
Which letter(s) in the diagram pictured to the right correspond to cells that are haploid?
B and C
300
Two similar chromosomes that you inherit from your parents (one from your mother and one from your father) are called
homologous chromosomes.
400
a set of 3 nucleotides on the mRNA
codon
400
interpreting the RNA message into a polypeptide to make a protein.
Translation
400
Name this molecule and its two jobs that are completed during translation
tRNA,
the anti-codon bonds with the codon on the mRNA
The amino acid is released
400
regulatory proteins that control gene activity
Transcription factors
400
This diagram shows a portion of a nucleic acid, what component is this arrow pointing to? Give an example of what it could be.
Nitrogen base (Adenine, Thymine, Guanine, Cytosine)
400
The structure of DNA is a _________ ________ because of the molecules ________ and __________ that alternate to make up the "backbone".
Double Helix, Sugar and Phosphate
400
One of the most obvious differences between DNA and RNA are the structure. DNA is a _______ ________ while RNA is a _________ ___________ of ________ nucleotides.
DNA is a DOUBLE HELIX while RNA is a SINGLE STRAND of UNPAIRED nucleotides.
400
The process of mitosis results in __#__, __________ daughter cells, while the process of meiosis results in _#__, ________________ daughter cells.
mitosis = 2 identical diploid daughter cells
meiosis = 4 unique haploid daughter cells
400
Chromosomes line up in the middle of the cell single file during which phase?
Metaphase II
500
a chain of amino acids; can bind to others and fold into a protein
polypeptide
500
The central dogma of genetics is.
_______ ---> _________ ---> __________
DNA is transcribed into MRA is translated into Protein
500
Name the type of bond designated by number 5 and what it holds together.
Peptide bonds, amino acids
500
The study of changes in gene expression that are heritable
Epigenetics
500
Nitrogen bases are held together by______ ___________ bonds because ____________________________.
Weak hydrogen bonds because the DNA must unzip to be replicated.
500
The cellular process of creating two new DNA molecules from one original copy is called________.
Replication
500
When DNA Replication is complete you will have two strands composed of half new and half old strands of DNA. The process is called _________________ _____________ because of the preservation of half of the parent strand in each new strand.
Semi-conservative replication
500
The purpose of Meiosis I is to divide _______________, while the purpose of Meiosis II is to divide ___________________.
Homologous chromosomes, sister chromatids
500
A non-disjunction chromosomal abnormality is a failure of what phase in meiosis?
Anaphase I or II