Transcription and Translation
Transcription turns DNA into what?
RNA.
What does DNA contain?
Genes, which are the recipes to make proteins.
T/F: Mutations are always harmful.
False.
What is rRNA?
Ribosomal DNA, makes up about 60% of the ribosomes.
What is insertion?
When a nucleotide is added to the sequence.
Translation turns RNA into what?
Proteins
What prevents promoter regions from being transcribed?
Methyl groups.
During S phases.
What is mRNA?
Messenger RNA, copies recipe to make protein.
What is deletion?
When a nucleotide is deleted from the sequence.
What is an anti-codon?
The tRNA complementary nucleotide sequence.
What are promoter regions?
DNA strands at beginning of gene sequence?
What is a mutation?
A change in A, T, G or C when the DNA is copying itself.
What is tRNA?
Transfer RNA that decodes mRNA stand into a sequence of amino acids to make a protein.
What is a frameshift?
When nucleotides are added or removed, changing the entire reading sequence after mutation.
What is a codon?
After the mRNA sequence is translated, each section of 3 nucleotides is called a codon.
What do promoter regions do?
To get the attention of RNA polymerase.
What is the most common type of mutation?
Point Mutations.
What is an Intron?
Stays in the nucleus because they don't code for proteins.
What is a point mutation?
When only one nucleotide is substituted, inserted, or deleted
What is the transcripted version of this?
A T T G C A
U A A C G U
What is RNA splicing?
T/F: Some mutations don't change the amino acid codon, so they are silent.
True.
What is an Extron?
Exits the nucleus because they have the code needed to make a protein.
What is it when one nucleotide is substituted for another nucleotide?
Substitution.