Transcription
This process involves copying a segment of DNA into RNA, specifically messenger RNA (mRNA), which serves as a template for protein synthesis
What is transcription?
This process involves translating the mRNA code into a specific sequence of amino acids to form a protein.
What is translation?
In RNA, this nitrogenous base pairs with adenine.
What is uracil?
This type of RNA carries the genetic instructions from DNA to the ribosome for protein synthesis
What is messenger RNA (mRNA)?
Transcription occurs in this organelle, while translation happens in the cytoplasm.
What is the nucleus?
The enzyme responsible for synthesizing mRNA from a DNA template is called this.
What is RNA polymerase?
This organelle is the site of translation, where proteins are synthesized based on the mRNA template.
What is the ribosome?
In RNA, this nitrogenous base pairs with guanine.
What is cytosine?
This RNA type helps bring amino acids to the ribosome during translation.
What is transfer RNA (tRNA)?
During post transcription this is added to the 3' end of the mRNA molecule to stabilize it and assist in the export from the nucleus.
What is the poly-A tail?
This type of nucleic acid is used as a template to produce messenger RNA (mRNA) during transcription.
What is DNA?
The sequence of three nucleotides on mRNA that codes for a specific amino acid is called this.
What is a codon?
This nitrogenous base is found in RNA but is replaced by thymine in DNA.
What is uracil?
This type of RNA makes up the core of the ribosome and is involved in the catalysis of protein synthesis.
What is ribosomal RNA (rRNA)?
During post transcription this structure is added to the 5' end of the mRNA molecule
What is the 5' cap?
These are the building blocks of RNA that pair with DNA bases during transcription.
What are nucleotides?
This is the start codon, signaling the beginning of protein synthesis.
What is AUG
This is the sugar found in the backbone of RNA, which differs from the sugar in DNA.
What is ribose?
This type of RNA contains a codon that is read by the ribosome to specify which amino acid to add to the growing polypeptide chain.
What is messenger RNA (mRNA)?
This sequence of three nucleotides in mRNA signals the termination of translation and the release of the newly synthesized protein.
What is a stop codon?
This is the part of the DNA that acts as a signal to start the transcription process, often found just before the gene's coding sequence.
What is the TATA box?
This sequence of three bases on tRNA matches with the codon on mRNA during translation.
What is an anticodon?
Unlike DNA, RNA is typically composed of this number of strands.
What is one (single-stranded)?
This type of RNA forms part of the structure of the ribosome and catalyzes the formation of peptide bonds between amino acids.
What is ribosomal RNA (rRNA)?
This term refers to changes in gene expression or function that do not involve changes in the DNA sequence itself.
What is epigenetics?