RNA
How many strands does RNA have?
1
Where is DNA located?
Nucleus
what is DNA replication
the process of copying a cell's DNA before it divides
What is translation?
The process by which a cell makes an RNA copy of a piece of DNA.
Where does translation take place?
Ribosomes
because the ribosome is the cellular structure designed to facilitate the process of decoding messenger RNA (mRNA) and linking together the corresponding amino acids to build a polypeptide chain
Instead of Thymine (T), what base is used in RNA?
Uracil (U)
How many DNA strands are there?
2 strands
what does DNA replication do
creates an exact copy of its DNA molecule, ensuring that each new daughter cell produced during cell division receives a complete set of genetic information
What are the 3 steps of transcription?
Initiation, elongation, and termination
What is the starter codon?
AUG
it is the codon recognized by the ribosome to initiate protein synthesis
What is mRNA used for?
Carry protein information from the nucleus to the cytoplasm.
What are the building blocks of DNA?
Nucleotides- phosphate, sugar, and nitrogenous base
where is dna replication located
the nucleus of eukaryotic cells
What does Step 1 do?
-RNA binds to a sequence of DNA, found near the beginning of a gene. Each gene has its own sequence. Once bound, RNA separates the DNA strands, providing the single-stranded template needed for transcription.
Where is a codon found??
on a molecule of messenger RNA
What does tRNA do?
helps decode a mRNA sequence into a protein
What can DNA tell us?
Appearance, health, and ancestry
how does dna replication happen
when the double helix of DNA unwinds, and each strand serves as a template for the creation of a new complementary strand
What does Step 2 do?
-The stage when the RNA strand gets longer, due to the addition of new nucleotides.
Where are anti-codons found?
tRNA
What does rRNA do?
reads the order of amino acids and linking amino acids together
What 4 chemical bases make a DNA molecule?
Adenine, Cytosine, Guanine, and Thymine
Why is DNA replication important
it ensures that each new cell created during cell division receives a complete copy of the genetic information (DNA) from the parent cell, allowing for proper inheritance of traits and the continuation of life across generations
What does Step 3 do?
The mRNA then carries the genetic information from the DNA to the cytoplasm, where translation occurs.
What are the three main components involved in translation
(mRNA), ribosomes, and (tRNA)
Messenger RNA (mRNA), ribosomes, and transfer RNA (tRNA) are crucial for translation because they each play a distinct role in the process of converting genetic information from DNA into a protein: