Row 1
What influences the differentiation of unspecialized cells into specialized types?
What process involves some genes being activated and others deactivated during an organism's development?
What is complementary mRNA to the DNA template strand during transcription?
Uracil pairs with adenine
In which type of cell would a mutation be passed on to offspring?
Gamete
What is the main role of ribosomes in cells?
Synthesizing proteins
What is a possible sign that cells have become cancerous?
Cells ignoring cell cycle checkpoints
What happens during the process of translation?
mRNA is decoded to form proteins
Which of the following is NOT a component of a DNA nucleotide?
Ribose molecule
What is the role of mRNA transcription in protein synthesis?
Copying DNA into mRNA
Most scientists think DNA originated from which molecule?
RNA
What type of mutation is the following and would have a the most significant impact on a gene's product?
DNA Strand: TAC ACC TTG GCG ACG ACT
DNA Strand: TAC GAC CTT GGC GAC GAC T
Insertion
DNA-copying errors that can lead to cancer typically occur during transcription and which phase of the cell cycle?
S phase
Cyclins bind to enzymes during the cell cycle to signal the cell to progress through the stages of the cell cycle. What is the likely outcome of uncontrolled cyclin production?
Tumor formation
What is the primary purpose of RNA polymerase?
Transcribe DNA into mRNA
Which amino acid is the first coded by a DNA strand?
Methionine
A DNA sequence undergoes the following change: TAC CGG AAT CCC becomes TAC CGG AAT CCG. What type of mutation is this?
Substitution
What type of mutation is the following:
DNA Strand: TAC ACC TTG GCG ACG ACT
DNA Strand: TAC ATC TTG GCG ACG ACT
Substitution
What can investigators do to analyze a small DNA sample from a crime scene?
Use polymerase chain reaction to amplify the DNA
What are two benefits of gel electrophoresis in forensic science?
Links suspects to crime scene evidence and allows comparison of multiple DNA profiles
How do genetically modified (GMO) corn plants increase crop yields in the United States?
By enhancing the corn's ability to resist pests and herbicides
Himalayan rabbits change fur color based on body temperature. What does this suggest?
Genes switch on/off based on body temperature
Deletion
Insertion
Frameshift
Why might a mutation not alter the protein produced?
Different codons may translate to the same amino acid.
What distinguishes somatic cell mutations from gamete mutations?
Somatic mutations are not passed to offspring
What determines the amino acids that are combined to create the protein albumin?
DNA nucleotide sequence