DNA, RNA, or Both?
Molecules
Transcription/Translation
mutations
gene expression
100
Where is this molecule located in eukaryotic cells?
Nucleus
100
Where do the DNA instructions to build a protein come from?
gene or the nitrogen bases
100
Where does transcription occur and what is the end product?
nucleus and mRNA is created
100
Are all mutations bad?
No
100
What binds to the promotor of an operon to start transcription?
RNA polymerase
200
nucleotides are monomers of that make up the polymers of ....
DNA and RNA
200
Proteins are polymers made up of what monomer?
amino acids
200
Where does translation occur and what is the result?
ribosome and amino acid chains/proteins
200
Name three types of mutations
insertion, deletion, substitution
200
Is it the gene or the protein that gives you your eye color?
protein
300
Identify the complementary strand of this DNA
T A G C T
A T G C A
300
How many amino acids are coded for by 15 nitrogen bases?
15 / 3 = 5 5 codons so 5 amino acids
300
Transcribe the following
C A T T G C A G A
G U A A C G U C U
300
Mutations can result in what sort of adjustments to a protein?
change of shape, function, and fold
300
How do we know a gene is successfully being expressed?
a protein is being made and the trait is seen
400
How many types of DNA and RNA are there? (name them)
Just DNA
Messanger RNA-carries the DNA message from the nucleus
Ribosomal RNA- creates the ribosome where translation takes place
Transfer RNA- carries the amino acid and links to the mRNA to build the chain
400
What are the following labels (1-5)?
1- mRNA
2-rRNA or ribosome
3-amino acid
4-amino acid chain or protein chain
5-tRNA
400
What is the appropriate amino acid sequence for the following mRNA sequence?
AUG CCU AUG GGU UUA ACU UAA
met –pro –met –gly–leu–thr–stop
400
An original sequence has 359 bases, when mutated it has 357 bases. What type of mutation created this sequence?
Deletion mutation
400
For the targeted protein to be created what must happen first?
the inducer must lift the repressor off of the operator
500
What are 3 differences between DNA and RNA?
- A-T G-C A-U G-C
-nucleus only nucleus and cytoplasm
-double strand single strand
-deoxyribose ribose
500
What is one difference between mRNA & tRNA?
mRNA carries the genetic message and tRNA molecules carry amino acids.
mRNA has codons while tRNA has anticodons.
500
Reverse transcription is a process that some viruses utilize. Using your understanding of transcription, identify the starting and resulting molecules of this process.
RNA to DNA
500
Why is the addition or deletion of 2 nitrogen bases worse than the addition or deletion of 3 nitrogen bases
codons are read in groups of 3. When you add or delete 2 you end up regrouping codons and shifting all of the groups causing all amino acids to change-frameshift mutation
500
Why would a cell want to regulate the expression of its genes?
To conserve energy and resources or because it doesn't need that particular protein at that time.