Transcription
The location of transcription within the cell
Nucleus
The site of protein synthesis. (like a protein-making "factory")
Ribosome
Random change to the DNA or RNA bases
The type of bond holding amino acids together
Part of the DNA is copied to create this molecule
mRNA (messenger RNA)
This is what "translates" the mRNA bases and brings the correct amino acids
tRNA (Transfer RNA)
An environmental factor that can cause mutations
mutagen
Give an example of a substitution mutation to this sequence:
ACA TCG
example: AGA TCG (one base changed for different base)
This is the protein that "reads" and copies part of the DNA
RNA Polymerase
Every 3 bases of mRNA is called a...
Codon
This can be caused by adding or removing a base from a sequence, affecting all of the codons that follow the mutation.
Frameshift
Give an example of an inversion mutation to this DNA strand:
AGT TCG
Example: TGA TCG (one or more codons flipped around the other way)
If DNA has the following bases, what bases will the complementary RNA have?
CGGTAGAT
GCCAUCUA
The two halves of a tRNA are the _____________ which matches with complementary mRNA bases and the __________________ which build a protein
anticodon, amino acid
Which of the 5 main categories of mutations is this?:
Original: TAC ACA CCT GCG
Mutatied: TAC CCT GCG ACA
Translocation
What type of mutation is this an example of:
Original: AUG GCU UAU UCA
Mutated: AUG GUU AUU CA
Deletion
WHY does this step have to happen?
DNA can not leave the nucleus to get to the site of protein synthesis, so it has to create a "messenger"
Write the correct amino acid sequence for this strand of mRNA:
GCC AUG UUC CAG UAG AAC AUU
Met Phe Gln
Which type of substitution mutation is this an example of?
Original: AUG GGU UGC AAU GCA
Mutated: AUG GGU UGA AAU GCA
Nonsense
What would probably damage the resulting protein more and WHY?- inverting a 3-base codon or deleting a single nucleotide from the sequence?
Deleting a single nucleotide because it will cause a frameshift