DNA
It is the genetic material of organisms (complete words)
What is deoxyribonucleic acid?
What is ribonucleic acid?
Protein that carries and transport nutrient and oxygen throughout the body
What is transport/storage protein?
Molecules that combine to form proteins
What are amino acids?
Helps in the regulation of production of several chemicals and hormones; improves cognition and working memory, heighten mood and decrease anxiety
What is phenylalanine?
One side effect of lack of phenylalanine
What is intellectual disability, small head, seizures, behavioral problems, musty odor, low bone density, reddish and itchy skin (eczema)?
Process of producing two identical replicas from one original DNA molecule
What is DNA Replication?
Structure of DNA
What is double helix/strand-ed?
Structure of RNA
What is single strad?
Process of copying the genetic information from DNA to form RNA
What is transcription?
One amino acid with acidic pH
Helps in the regulation of cellular process such as protein synthesis, tissue regeneration, increase production of human growth hormone, control blood sugar and metabolism
What is leucine?
One side effect of lack of leucine
What is decreased appetite, poor feeding, lethargy, poor growth, weight loss, skin rashes, and hair loss?
Carries information of DNA from the nucleus to the cytoplasm
What is messenger RNA?
Location of DNA in a cell
Where is nucleus?
Location of RNA in a cell
Where is cytoplasm?
Protein that helps breakdown food into simple form to be easily absorbed like digestive enzymes
What is enzymatic protein?
Two amino acids with basic pH
What are lysine, arginine, and histidine?
Helps in psychological functions of the whole body like growth, immunity, protein metabolism, fatty acid metabolism, and glucose transportation
What is isoleucine?
Releases dopamine
What is tyrosine?
Supplies amino acids to the ribosome to be assembled as a protein
What is transfer RNA?
Two functions of DNA
What are stores and transmits genetic information from generation to next generation?
Function of RNA
What assists in carrying out the information in the DNA?
Process of synthesizing proteins by translating the genetic codes in the mRNA
What is translation?
Three amino acids with neutral pH
What are phenylalanine, leucine, isoleucine, methionine, valine, serine, proline, threonine, alanine, tyrosine, asparagine, cysteine, glycine, and tryptophan?
What is methionine?
Two side effects of lack of methionine
What are slow growth, alterations to fatty liver, weakness, edema and skin lesions and dementia?
Forms the structural component of the ribosome
What is ribosomal RNA?
Three components of DNA
What are phosphate group, nitrogenous bases, and deoxyribose sugar?
Three components of RNA
What are phosphate group, ribose sugar, and nitrogenous bases?
Oriented at the 5' to 3' direction
What is lagging strand?
Two physical properties of amino acids
What are colorless, crystalline, water soluble, and high melting point?
Helps maintain the proper protein balance in the body; important for the formation of collagen, elastin, and tooth enamel, and aids liver function
What is threonine?
Two side effects of lack of threonine
What are muscle loss, fatigue, memory loss, weakness, and depression?
Oriented at the 3' to 5' direction
What is leading strand?
Four nitrogenous bases of DNA
What are adenine, cytosine, guanine, and thymine?
Four nitrogenous bases of RNA
What are adenine, cytosine, guanine, and uracil?
Seals up the sequence of DNA into two continuous double strands
What is DNA ligase?
Produced by our body even if we do not get it from the food we eat
What is non-essential amino acid?
Enhances energy, increase endurance, and aid in muscle recovery and repair; lowers elevated blood sugar levels and increase growth hormone production
What is Valine?
Treats short bowel syndrome and reduce acute complications of sickle cell disease
What is glutamine?
Separation of the two single strands of DNA creates a 'Y'-shape
What is replication fork?
Bonds complementary base pairs for DNA
What is hydrogen bond?
Nitrogenous base pairing of RNA
What are adenine is to uracil and guanine is to cytosine?
Acts as starting point for DNA synthesis
What is primer?
Used in times of illness and stress
What is conditional amino acid?
Important for other metabolic functions and making collagen; exhibits antioxidant properties
What is cysteine?
Other term for small head
What is microcephaly?
Enzymes that transcribe DNA into RNA
What is RNA polymerase?
Nitrogenous base pairing of DNA
What are adenine is to thymine and guanine is to cytosine?
Three types of RNA (complete words)
What are messenger, ribosomal, and transfer RNA's?
Binds the leading strand and the 'walks' along, adding new complementary nucleotide bases to the strand of DNA
What is DNA polymerase?
Melting point of amino acids
What is >200 degrees Celsius?
An inherited condition characterized by elevated blood levels of histidine
What is histidinemia?
Protein that help identify and attack harmful bacteria or viruses like white blood cells
What is defensive protein?
What is TTA?
Give the codon for GAT?
What is CUA?
Process of removal of non-coding introns from the RNA sequence with the aid of spliceosomes (enzymes)
What is RNA Splicing?
Term for the chemical property of amino acids
What are ampholytes?
Nutrient responsible for converting fatty acids into energy and helping lower cholesterol
What is carnitine?
Causes hiccups
What is glycine?
Chunks of DNA
What are Okazaki fragments?