Transcription
how to read the template DNA?
3'->5'
what is the start codon?
AUG
Each tRNA can carry a specific amino acid and can attach to mRNA via their?
anticodon
does silent mutations have effect on amino acids?
no
give one post translational protein modification
proteolysis, glycosylation, phosphorylation
Initiation requires what?
promoter
what are the three stages?
initiation, elongation, and termination
rRNA is part of what organelle?
ribosome
give one thing that missense mutations could result in
defective protein, reduced protein efficiency, gain of function
is it covalent or ionic process of changing proteins following protein biosynthesis?
covalent
where is the location of transcription in eukaryotes?
nucleus
where is the location of translation in eukaryotes?
ribosomes in cytoplasm
give one example of functional RNA
snRNA, miRNA, siRNA
which mutation results in a shortened protein?
nonsense
phosphorylation is the addition of phosphate groups catalyzed by what?
protein kinases
which is the sense strand
3'->5'
what is anticodon?
complementary to codons in the mRNA
mRNA carries information from where to where?
DNA to ribosomes
strand of mRNA with associated ribosomes is called?
polyribosome/polysome
what modification is the cutting of a long polypeptide chain, or polyprotein, into final products, by proteases
proteolysis
unlike DNA polymerase, RNA polymerase do not need what?
primers, helicases, topoisomerases
what are the three tRNA binding sites?
A (amino acid), P (polypeptide), E (exit)
rRNA catalyzes the formation of what bond?
peptide bond
which proteins are produced through frame-shift mutations?
nonfunctional proteins
glycosylation is the addition of which macromolecule to form glycoproteins?
carbohydrates