Mutations
RNA
DNA
Protein Synthesis
mRNA Codon Wheel
100
What is a silent mutation ?
A silent mutation is when a letter changes but has no major affect as if nothing happened.
100
What does mRNA do ?
mRNA carries a portion of the DNA code to other parts of the cell for processing
100
What is RNA Polymerase ?
It is a double helix shaped ladder that has genetic information.
100
What is the first part of protein synthesis and where does it take place ?
The first part of protein synthesis is transcription and it takes place in the nucleus
100
What mRNA codons can make Leucine ?
CUG CUA CUC Any of these will make Leucine CUU UUA UUG
200
What is a nonsense mutation ?
It is when a letter in the mRNA sequence changes and causes the chain of amino acids to "STOP".
200
What is tRNA and what does it do ?
tRNA are small RNA molecules that carry amino acids to the ribosome for polymerization into a polypeptide.
200
What are the 4 nitrogenous bases for DNA ?
Adenine, Thymine, Guanine, & Cytosine
200
What is the second part of protein synthesis and where does it take place ?
The second part of protein synthesis is translation and it takes place in the cytoplasm.
200
What mRNA codons can cause a stop ?
UGA UAA UAG
300
What is a frameshift mutation ?
It is a genetic mutation that is caused by an insertion or deletion and it shifts the way the sequence is read.
300
What is rRNA and what does it do ?
rRNA is a molecular component of a ribosome and it is the cell's essential protein factory.
300
What is DNA Polymerase ?
It is a type of enzyme that is responsible for forming new copies of DNA, in the form of nucleic acid molecules.
300
What is protein synthesis ?
It is the process in which cells make proteins.
300
Name 3 amino acids that have more than 1 code.
Leucine, Arginine, Serine
400
What is a missense mutation ?
It is a mutation in which a nucleotide changes which will change a codon and make a different amino acid.
400
What is the major role for RNA ?
RNA plays a role in transferring information from DNA to protein-forming system of the cell.
400
What is in a nucleotide ?
Nucleotides have phosphoric acid, nitrogenous bases, and sugar.
400
What is a promoter ?
It is a region of DNA that initiates transcription of a particular gene.
400
Name the amino acids from this mRNA sequence. CUG-UCA-GCA-AUG-UAG
Leu-Ser-Ala-Meth-Stop
500
What do all of the 4 mutations have in common ?
They all have at least some kind of affect with the codons or amino acids.
500
What is RNA Polymerase ?
It is an enzyme that catalyzes the synthesis of an RNA strand from a DNA template.
500
Why is DNA called the blueprint of life ?
It tells the cell how to an organism.
500
What is the major role for amino acids ?
The amino acids are the building blocks for all biological proteins.
500
Make this DNA sequence into an mRNA sequence and name the amino acids from the mRNA sequence. DNA:TAG-AGC-ACG-GCT-GTC-CAT-TAC-CGT-CTG
mRNA: AUC-UCG-UGC-CGA-CAG-GUA-AUG-GCA-GAC Amino Acids: Iso-Ser-Cys-Arg-Glu-Val-Meth-Ala-Asp
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