Helix Hustle
What enzyme unwinds the DNA double helix during replication?
Helicase
Where does transcription take place in eukaryotic cells?
Nucleus
Where in the cell does translation occur?
at the ribsome
What type of point mutation changes one base but does not change the amino acid?
silent
What is a frameshift mutation?
A mutation caused by insertion or deletion shifting the reading frame.
During DNA replication, which enzyme adds complementary nucleotides to the new strand?
DNA Polymerase
What is the molecule that carries the genetic code from DNA to the ribosome?
mRNA
What molecule brings amino acids to the ribosome during translation?
tRNA
How can a missense mutation affect protein function?
It may alter protein shape or function by substituting an amino acid
Original DNA: 3’-ATG CCT GAA-5’
Mutated DNA: 3’-ATG CCT GAAA-5’
What mutation type is this?
frameshift- insertion
If the original DNA template strand is 3’-ATCGGA-5’, what is the complementary DNA strand formed during replication?
5′−TAGCCT−3′
Transcribe the DNA template strand 3’-TACGGA-5’ into mRNA.
5′−AUGCCU−3′
Give an example of a start and stop CODON
Start- AUG
Stop- UAA, UAG, UGA
Given original DNA 3’-TAC CGA-5’ and mutated DNA 3’-TAC CAA-5’, what type of point mutation is this and what amino acid change occurs?
missense, ala to val
Given original DNA 3’-ATG CCT GAA-5’ and mutated DNA 3’-ATG CTG AA-5’, what type of mutation is this?
Frameshift-deletion
Given the original DNA strand 3’-ATCGGA-5’ and a mutated strand 3’-ATGGGA-5’, what type of mutation occurred?
Point mutation
During transcription, what base does RNA use instead of thymine?
Uracil
Translate the mRNA sequence 5′−AUGCCU−3′ into the amino acid sequence.
Met-Pro
Identify the specific mutation type: Original DNA 3’-TAC-GAA-5’ mutated to 3’-TAC-TAA-5’. Identify the amino acid change if any
point, missense
original: AUG- CUU
Met- Leu
Mutation: AUG AUU
Met- Ile
Explain why frameshift mutations are usually more harmful than point mutations.
Because they change the reading frame, impacting many amino acids and often causing premature stop codons.
Explain why DNA replication is called semi-conservative.
Because each new DNA molecule contains one original strand and one new strand
Which enzyme synthesizes RNA from the DNA template?
RNA polymerase
Given original mRNA 5′−AUGCCU−3′ and mutated mRNA 5′−AUGCAU−3′, what type of mutation is this and how does it affect the amino acid sequence?
Missense, Pro changes to His
Given the original DNA Strand: 3'- TAC AGA - 5' give a mutated DNA strand that shows a SILENT mutation.
3'- TAC AGT -5'
3'- TAC AGG- 5'
3'-TAC AGC-5'
Original DNA: 3'- TAC GGC ACC - 5'
Come up with a frameshift mutation and compare your new amino acid sequence to the original.
AUG CCG UGG
Met-Pro-Trp
Answers will vary