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When we say DNA is semi-conservative, what does that mean?
That 1 molecule of DNA splits and each half is used a template to create the other half. This leaves the 2 new strands of DNA 1/2 old and 1/2 new.
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Where does transcription take place?
In the nucleus
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What is a codon?
it is a series of 3 nitrogen bases found on an mRNA strand
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What does the "m" stand for in mRNA?
messenger
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What are 3 types of RNA?
mRNA, tRNA and rRNA
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What is the structural difference in DNA and mRNA?
DNA is a double Helix, RNA is a single Helix.
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What is the first step of DNA Replication?
The enzyme helicase unzips the DNA.
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What occurs during translation?
an mRNA strand is "decoded" into a sequence of amino acids, that result in a protein
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What is the relationship between amino acids and proteins?
Amino acids are the building blocks of a protein. A protein is a chain of amino acids that are connected to each other.
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What is important about these three codons: UGA, UAA, and UAG?
They are "stop" codons and they signal that the protein is done being assembled.
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What are 2 parts of protein synthesis called?
Transcription and Translation
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What is the result of transcription?
a copy of a gene is made, using mRNA
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What does tRNA Stand for?
Transfer RNA
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Where does translation occur and what is the end result?
Translation occurs in a ribosome and the end result is a protein.
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What happens if there is a deletion or a duplication of a nitrogen base in DNA, for example:
T - A - G - G - C - A - T - C becomes
T - A - G - C - A - T - C
this would be a mutation that affects the ENTIRE amino acid sequence afterwards- A frameshift. It would probably change the shape of the protein entirely
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What sugar is found in DNA, versus RNA?
DNA has deoxyribose sugar and RNA has ribose sugar.
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Any change in a DNA sequence.
A mutation
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What two things are on either end of a tRNA molecule?
On one end is the ANTICODON and on the other end is an AMINO ACID
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DNA is composed of 2 complementary strands. How is this reflected (shown) in the DNA?
The number of Adenine is equal to number of Thymine.
The number of Cytosine is equal to number of Guanine.
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What is a ribosome composed of?
rRNA
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Where is DNA located?
DNA is found in the nucleus
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This nitrogen base is found in RNA, but not in DNA
Uracil
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Where must an mRNA attach before protein production can begin?
mRNA must attach itself to a ribosome
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Using the codon chart, determine what amino acid correlates to the mRNA codon U-U-G
Leu
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What do we call the idea that our genetic information is passed through mRNA to make a protein in Biology?
The Central Dogma of Bioogy