DNA
What does DNA stand for?
Deoxyribonucleic Acid
Where does transcription take place?
In the nucleus
What is a codon?
it is a series of 3 nitrogen bases found on an mRNA strand
What does the "m" stand for in mRNA?
messenger
What type of mutation is this an example of:
Original DNA: TAC TTT AAA
NEW DNA: TAC GGG AAA
Point Mutation
What is the structure difference in DNA and mRNA?
DNA is a double Helix, RNA is a single Helix.
What mRNA bases would pair with this strand of DNA: G-G-A-T-C-G-C-C-T-A
C-C-U-A-G-C-G-G-A-U
What is an anticodon
A group of three bases on tRNA that matches an mRNA codon.
What is the relationship between amino acids and proteins?
Amino acids are the building blocks of a protein. A protein is a chain of amino acids that are connected to each other.
What type of mutation is this an example of:
Original DNA: TAC CCC AAG
NEW DNA: TAC CCA AG
Deletion - frameshift
What is the monomer of DNA
Nucleotide
What is the result of transcription?
a copy of a gene is made, using mRNA
What does tRNA Stand for?
Transfer RNA
Where does translation occur and what is the end result?
Translation occurs in a ribosome and the end result is a protein.
A mutation that creates an early stop codon.
Nonsense
What is the backbone of DNA made up of
Any change in a DNA sequence.
A mutation
What is the ribosome made up of
rRNA
What is important about these three codons: UGA, UAA, and UAG?
They are stop codons
A mutation that changes one amino acid.
Missense
A section of DNA is called a
Gene
This nitrogen base is found in RNA, but not in DNA
Uracil
A tightly coiled structure made of DNA that contains many genes.
Chromosome
What is the start codon?
AUG
Can a mutation ever happen without changing an organism's traits? Explain why or why not.
Yes, multiple codons can code for the same amino acid. Therefore, some mutations do not change the amino acid sequence or the protein. This is called a silent mutation.