DNA
DNA has ___ strands.
2
The 4 nitrogenous bases of an RNA molecule include....
adenine, guanine, cytosine, uracil
The process in which DNA is used to make an mRNA strand.
transcription
In what organelle is mRNA read and the protein synthesized?
the ribosome
Protein Synthesis actually begins in the _______________ when DNA transcribes into ___________.
nucleus, RNA
A sugar, phosphate group, and nitrogenous base make up a_______.
nucleotide
True or False
RNA can be found in the nucleus and cytoplasm
True
The site where mRNA is created from the DNA sequence. (where does transcription happen?)
nucleus
What is the product of transcription?
mRNA
How do mutations affect protein synthesis?
Non-production of a protein, can lead to disease
The 4 nitrogenous bases of a DNA molecule include...
adenine, guanine, cytosine, and thymine
Name the three different types of RNA
mRNA, tRNA, rRNA
What enzyme adds nucleotides to the growing RNA strand during elongation of transcription?
RNA polymerase
What is the role of tRNA (transfer RNA) in translation?
brings the amino acids to the ribosomes
translation happens in the _____ of the cell.
Adenine pairs with ___________
Guanine pairs with ____________
thymine, cytosine
RNA usually has ____ strands
one
Ribosomes read the mRNA strand _____ codon at a time. Each codon is made of ______ nitrogen bases.
1, 3
The type of RNA that carries the message from the nucleus to the ribosome
mRNA
A DNA strand has the following bases: A A G C C A. What are the bases on its complimentary strand?
T T C G G T
What is the sugar found in DNA?
deoxyribose
True or False
mRNA can't leave the nucleus because it's too big.
false
The sequence of bases on mRNA that allows the initiation step of translation to begin is ______
the START codon
Give 1 stop codon
UGA, UAG, UAA
What is the START codon and what amino acid does it code for?
AUG, met
A DNA Molecule has the bases, AGC-TAC-GCT-ACT. What is the complementary DNA molecule that will form?
TCG-ATG-CGA-TGA.
An mRNA strand is AUG-CUA-CCG. What would be the resulting tRNA anticodons?
UAC-GAU-GGC
A ribosome will continue to create a protein until it encounters a ____.
STOP codon
This enzyme binds to the promotor site on the DNA strands and adds the complimentary bases to form the mRNA strand.
RNA polymerase
Translate the following mRNA code
AUGCCUUAGAUCGUU
Methionine - Proline - Leucine - Aspartic Acid - Arginine
DNA is located in the ________ of a cell.
nucleus
List 3 differences between a DNA & RNA molecule.
DNA is double stranded; RNA is single
N. Bases for DNA: A, C, G, T; RNA: A, U, C, G
DNA has a deoxyribose sugar; RNA: ribose sugar
DNA has the genetic code; RNA uses DNA to carry the message.
DNA can't leave the nucleus; RNA has to leave the nucleus
The process of protein synthesis in which mRNA is used to produce proteins is known as ______.
translation
Transcribe the following form DNA to mRNA
TACGATGACTAGCCGA
AUGCUACUGAUCGGCU
Translate the following mRNA sequence
UUUCAUGUCAAGCGUUGA
Phenylalanine - Histidine - Valine - Lysine - Arginine - Leucine