DNA
DNA has ___ strands.
two
RNA usually has ____ strands.
one
What is the monomer (building block) of a Nucleic Acid?
Nucleotide
What is the monomer (building block) of a protein?
Amino Acid
What are the three phases of transcription?
Initiation, Elongation, and Termination
What are the nitrogenous bases of a DNA molecule?
adenine, guanine, cytosine, and thymine
What are the nitrogenous bases of an RNA molecule?
adenine, guanine, cytosine, uracil
What is the process in which DNA is used to make an mRNA strand?
Transcription
What is the process in which mRNA is used to make a protein?
Translation
What occurs during the first phase of transcription?
The start point is located by the RNA polymerase and the DNA unzips.
DNA can be found in the nucleus and the cytoplasm (True or False)
False
RNA can be found in the nucleus and cytoplasm (True or False)
True
Where is mRNA created from the DNA sequence?
nucleus
Where are proteins created from the mRNA?
Ribosomes
What occurs during the second phase of transcription?
RNA polymerase builds an RNA copy, one base at a time as it moves along the DNA strand.
What is the sugar found in DNA?
Deoxyribose
What is the sugar found in RNA?
Ribose
What is the enzyme used to make the mRNA from DNA?
RNA polymerase
What is a three nucleotide sequence on mRNA that codes for one amino acid?
Codon
What occurs during the third phase of transcription?
RNA polymerase releases the pre-mRNA at the stop signal and the DNA zips back up.
What is the Central Dogma of Biology?
DNA -> RNA -> Protein
What are the three different types of RNA?
mRNA, tRNA, rRNA
Which strand (coding or template) is used to make mRNA from DNA?
Template
There are ___ different possible codons code for ___ amino acids.
64 and 20
What two changes need to be made after transcription and before translation?
Protection and splicing