Protein Synthesis 1
What is DNA?
A make up of genes for all living things.
Where does transcription take place?
In the nucleus
What is the function of tRNA?
Carry amino acids to the ribosome
Any change/error in the DNA sequence
Mutation. Affects the resulting protein
Why can DNA fingerprinting be used to identify someone?
Because no two people, except identical twins, have the same DNA
What is the structure difference in DNA and mRNA?
DNA is a double Helix, RNA is a single Helix.
What are the three parts of a nucleotide?
Sugar, phosphate, nitrogen base
Translation turns _____ into ______
mRNA and proteins/amino acids
What is the difference between a gene mutation and a chromosomal mutation?
Gene mutation affects one gene, a chromosomal mutation affects an entire chromosome, therefore affecting more DNA (more dangerous)
What is a use of recombinant DNA?
Insulin, HGH, BGH
What are 2 steps of protein synthesis called?
Transcription and Translation
Transcription turns ______ into ______ ?
DNA and mRNA
Where does translation occur in the cell?
In the cytoplasm on a ribosome
The normal DNA sequence for hemoglobin is GGA - CTT - CTT. Someone with sickle cell has the DNA GGA - CAT - CTT. What type of mutation causes sickle cell anemia?
Substitution - Point
Embryonic stem cells have the ability to turn into any type of cell, making them very valuable in stem cell research. What is an ethical issue raised by embryonic stem cells?
The embryo is destroyed when the stem cells are harvested
What are the nucleotide bases in DNA and mRNA?
DNA A, T, C, G
RNA A, U, C, G
Give the DNA that results in this strand of mRNA: C-C-U-A-G-C-G-G-A-A-U-C-U-U-A-G?
G-G-A-T-C-G-C-C-T-T-A-G-A-A-T-C
Translate this strand of mRNA: (A-U-G-G-C-C-U-G-G-A-C-U-U-C-A)
Met(methionine), Ala(Alanine),Trp(Tryptophan), Thr(Theroline), Ser(Serine)
What is the difference between a point mutation and frameshift mutation?
Point mutation changes one nucleotide (base), but a frameshift mutation changes every base after the mutation.
What is a transgenic organism?
An organism that contains DNA from a different species. EX: the bacteria that contain the human gene for insulin
Where is DNA and mRNA located at?
DNA is found in the nucleus, mRNA is found in the nucleus and cytoplasm
What type of bond holds the building blocks of proteins together?
Peptide bonds hold amino acids together
Where must mRNA attach before protein production can begin?
mRNA must attach itself to a ribosome
Williams Syndrome affects the 7th chromosome and results in learning disabilities and cardiovascular problems. Someone with Williams Syndrome has a shorter 7th chromosome than people without the disorder. What type of mutation is this?
Deletion
What is a benefit of genetically modified organisms? (GMOs)
Crops that are disease and pest resistant, beefier cows, higher yield of crops, etc.