Protein Synthesis 1
What is the m in mRNA and what is the function?
Messenger; it transcribes DNA into RNA so that the DNA code can be eventually translated into a protein.
Where does transcription take place?
In the nucleus
A codon is a sequence of how many bases?
3 bases
What tRNA anticodons would be needed to translate the sequence from mRNA in
(U-A-G-C-U-A-U-C-A-A-A-U)?
A-U-C-G-A-U-A-G-U-U-U-A
What are the 3 types of point mutations
Missense, nonsense, silent
Which enzyme is responsible for binding to DNA and synthesizing mRNA?
RNA polymerase
What enzyme removes parts of mRNA that are not necessary? What are those parts called?
Spliceosome is the enzyme and introns are the parts of mRNA that are removed.
Translation takes place between what?
mRNA and tRNA
What are the three stages of translation?
Initiation, Elongation and Termination
What are the two types of frameshift mutations?
deletion and insertion
What are 2 processes or steps of protein synthesis called?
Transcription and Translation
Transcription takes place between what?
DNA and mRNA
Transfer RNA
How many start codons are there and what is the amino acid that is associate with it/them?
One; Methionine
When DNA is mutated at one base, changed to a different base, and the amino acid stays the same it is called
silent mutation
What sugars do DNA and mRNA have?
DNA has deoxyribose sugar and mRNA has ribose sugar.
What must be added to the pre-mRNA transcript before it leaves the nucleus?
Poly A tail to the 3' end, 5' cap
What is located at each end of the tRNA molecule?
Anticodon and amino acid
After translation, a polypeptide chain leaves the ribosome - where does it go?
Cytoplasm then to the ER for folding and Golgi to be sorted and sent to where it needs to go.
When DNA has an extra base inserted and the rest of the bases move down one, the amino acids change and this mutation is called
What does adenine in DNA pair up with in all RNA?
URACIL (there is no T or Thymine in RNA)
What must DNA do first to make an mRNA strand?
Unzip, unwind or separate
Where must an mRNA attach before protein production can begin?
mRNA must attach itself to a ribosome at the "A" site
How many stop codons are there and what do they code for?
Three and they code for a release factor (the release factor binds to the stop codon and releases the mRNA and polypeptide)
Would a frameshift mutation either insertion or deletion cause a more severely different protein Yes or No and why?
Yes, because the rest of the amino acids change so the protein does not fold the same way and can not function properly. Structure=Function