Elements and Water!
What elements make up a protein?
Carbon, hydrogen, oxygen, and nitrogen!
What is the monomer of a protein?
Amino Acid!
What does a protein do inside the cell and inside the organism generally?
In the cell proteins maintain cell shape and structure, move molecules across membranes, and turn genes on or off. In the organism they help defend against infections.
What type of bonds are used in the linking of monomers to polymers in a protein.
The polypeptide chain forms through dehydration synthesis.
What are the three main components of a nucleotide in nucleic acids?
The phosphate group, five carbon sugar, and nitrogenous base.
What elements make up nucleic acid?
Carbon, Hydrogen, Oxygen, Nitrogen, and Phosphorus.
What is the amino acid of a nucleic acid?
Nucleotide which is the foundation for celular energy.
What does a nucleic acid do inside the cell and in side the organism generally.
DNA stores the genetic blueprint for the entire organism. RNA is a copy of DNA. Inside the cell DNA stores genetic blueprint for the entire organism.
What type of bonds are used in the linking of monomer to polymers?
Phosphodiester bond which is when OH bonds with the phosphate.
What are the levels of protein structure?
Their are four layers of the structure. The primary structure, secondary structure ,tertiary structure, and quaternary structure.
How does protein react to water?
It is polar so it works together with water. Proteins interact with water through non-covalent interactions and the behavior depends on the structure of the protein.
What are the different polymers of protein?
Proteins are polymers made of repeating amino acids linked together by peptide bonds.
Why is a protein important to the other macromolecules?
Without proteins, DNA would just sit there. Proteins maje the genome active. Proteins give carbohydrates blood type recognition. Proteins also organize and control lipid environments like cell membranes.
What are the processes by which monomers/polymers are built up and broken down in a protein?
Dehydration synthesis is the process by which amino acids are joined together to form a protein. Hydrolysis is the reverse of dehydration synthesis. It breaks down proteins into amino acids.
What is the relationship between the sequence of amino acids and the 3-D shape of the protein?
The amino acid sequence acts lik instructions for how a protein should fold. The folding leads to a unique 3D shape, and shape determines function.
How does a nucleic acid react with water?
The base implies a charge and their is nitrogeN so it is polar. Nucleic acids are also very soluble in water due to their negativity charged phosphate backbone.
What are the different polymers of a nucleic acid?
Nucleic acids are polymers of repeating units called nucleotides. Their are two main groups DNA and RNA. RNA is single stranded as compared to DNA is double stranded.
Why is a nucleic acid important to other macromolecules?
Without DNA and RNA, proteins could not be made at all. The way carbohydrates are used and modified depends on proteins whose instructions come from nucleic acids. Lipid behavior in the body is guided by enzymes and receptors made using nucleic acid instructions. Nucleic acids are self-perpetuating-they create the tools needed to copy and regulate themselves.
What are the processes by which monomers/polymers are built up and broken down in a nucleic acid?
Nucleotides are joined together through dehydration synthesis to form nucleic acid polymers. Nucleic acids are broken down into individual nucleotides by hydrolysis.
What of protein structure changes on they function of the protein?
Primary structure has the affect a single amino acid change can alter the protien’s shape and function. The secondary structure changes here can destabilize the local folding, affecting how the protein interacts with other molecules.The tertiary structure has the effect of the overal 3D folding determines binding sites, active sites, and stability. Quaternary structure the effect if the arrangement of subunits is altered, the protein may not assemble properly or work at all.