Protestant Reformation
He was the leader of the Protestant Reformation, and issued his 95 Theses against the Catholic church
Luther
This is the belief held by Catholics that wine and bread literally turn into the body and blood of Christ during communion.
Transubstantiation
This was a meeting of Catholic officials to discuss how to retain church members
Council of Trent
He started the Star Chamber in order to intimidate nobility.
Henry VII
He was the leader of the Holy Roman Empire and wanted to reunite the HRE and convert it back to Catholicism.
Charles V
He was a follower of Martin Luther and started his own branch of Protestantism in Switzerland.
Calvin
This is the belief held by Calvinists that wine and bread symbolize the body and blood of Christ during communion.
Consubstantiation
They used torture methods to interrogate heretics during the Counter-Reformation
The Inquisition
He started the Church of England to get a divorce, Act of Supremacy
Henry VIII
What was the Peace of Augsburg?
These were “get into Heaven Free” cards
Indulgences
Calvinists believe that God has already decided who is saved. What is this called?
Predestination
These monarchs of Spain were a large part of the Counter-Reformation
Ferdinand and Isabella
He became king after the death of Henry VIII and passed the 1549 Act of Uniformity
Edward VI
What was the Peace of Westphalia?
Reinstated the Peace of Augsburg, allowed Calvinism
He was a member of the Catholic Church who was in charge of selling indulgences
Tetzel
What is the main belief of Anabaptists?
Only adults can be baptized
What are 2 ways that the Catholic Church reformed during the Counter-Reformation?
You cannot appoint a family member to a position.
Every church was required to properly educate and train priests
Luxury lifestyles of the clergy were changed.
Financial abuse was cleaned up
Condemned “all base gain for securing indulgences” in 1563, and Pope Pius V abolished the sale of indulgences in 1567
Daughter of Henry VIII, she reinstated Catholicism and was a part of the Counter-Reformation
Mary Tudor
What was the Edict of Nantes?
Gave French Calvinists (Huguenots) freedom to worship
Refomers like Martin Luther were successful because of this invention.
The Printing Press
This branch of Protestantism believed that faith alone will earn you salvation.
Lutheranism
This made it illegal to purchase books that were deemed heretical.
The Index of Prohibited Books.
Daughter of Henry VIII, she reinstated the Church of England, Act of Supremacy, Book of Common Prayer
Elizabeth I
At the end of the 30 years War, France ends up backing the Protestants. What does this tell us about the motivations behind the 30 Years War?
It starts religious and turns political