Protist Characteristics
Protists are... (unicellular/multicellular) and are (eukaryotes/prokaryotes)
Unicellular ; eukaryotes
Fungi absorb nutrients....
Outside of their bodies
Define endosymbiosis.
A relationship between 2 species in which one organism lives inside the cell or cells of the other organism (host)--gives rise to mitochondria/plasmids in host.
What is an example of a protist being a producer/symbiont?
Dinoflagellates nourish coral polyps that build reefs
Protists can be _________, ___________, __________ or ___________
Symbionts, producers, parasites or photosynthetic
What are fungi consisted of?
Their bodies usually form a network of filaments called HYPHAE. Hyphae are woven together to create a MYCELIUM which rapidly inflitrates food and maximizes surface-volume ratio for feeding.
Define arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi.
Extend hyphae through cell walls of root cells and into tubes formed by invagination of root cell membrane
What are some hyphae adaptations?
- Feeding on living organisms
- Can extract nutrients from plants
- Mutualstically exchange nutrients with plants
What came first? Mitochondria or Chloroplast
Mitochondria
Fungal walls contain..
Chitin
Define mycorrhizae
Mutualism between fungi and plant roots (fungi give plants minerals and ions, plants give fungi organic nutrients)
What is hyphae divided into? What does it do?
HYPHAE is separated into cells by SEPTA (has pores to allow cell movement).
What are plastids used for?
Evolved later by endosymbiosis of a photosynthetic cyanobacterium (storage, synthesis of pigments)
Fungi can be 3 things:
Often DECOMPOSERS: breakdown of dead organisms/wastes for nutrients
- Can be PARASITES: Absorb nutrients from living hosts, can be pathogenic
- Can be MUTUALISTS: Absorb nutrients but also reciprocate benefit
Define ectomycorrhizal fungi
Form sheaths of hyphae over a root and also grow into the extracellular spaces of root cortex
SURFACE OF ROOT
Photoautotrophs: contain chloroplasts
Heterotrophs: absorb org. molecules / ingest larger food particles
Mixotrophs: combine photosynthesis and heterotrophic ingestion
Sexually and asexually
How do fungi reproduce?
Sexually or asexually
Lack septa, have continuous cytoplasmic mass with a lot of nuclei
Draw a fungi and its parts
Refer to image