Theories of Development
Piagetian stage characterized by the presence of object permanence, but not Theory of Mind or conservation of Mass/Volume
Stage 2: Pre-operational phase
After learning depth perception, this type of learning is important for infants to understand how to move appropriately in an environment.
Locomotor learning
Type of source attribution error when you believe another person's original work is your own.
Crypto-amnesia
Working memory is typically attributed to this part of the brain
Prefrontal Cortex
Erikson stage that's defined by the parent's acceptance of their child's experimentation with identity & the increased role of peers.
Stage 5. Identity vs. Role Confusion
The insight derived by Harlow through his experiments with monkeys.
Attachment is driven by comfort, not just nourishment and/or early, long-term isolation leads to long-term harm.
Toxins that harm development (alcohol, drugs, bacterial/viral)
Teratogens
In collectivist societies, ____ occurs at a later stage of development, which is typically attributed to the tendency more greatly emphasize social roles and group context rather than personal uniqueness.
1st autobiographical memory
Gap in memory due to the inability to verbalize experience in early development.
Childhood amnesia
Attentional spotlight disengages and misses information while preparing to re-engage
Attentional Blink
Vygotsky argued that this activity is essential for child development.
social interaction (especially guided play with older siblings/parents) is essential for child development.
It takes approximately 6 months for infant visual acuity to develop, with these images being the only ones babies can discern.
High-contrast designs
The primacy effect is due to ____, while the recency effect is due to ____.
The primacy effect is due to items being transferred into long-term memory (via rehearsal) while the recency effect is due to items still being active in working memory (phonological loop).
Auditory info from the ____ can be pulled into the episodic buffer to be manipulated
Phonological Loop
A lower ratio of 2nd to 4th finger (i.e. longer ring finger vs. index finger) is hypothesized to reflect a higher concentration of which hormone?
Testosterone
What insight did Baillargeon derive from his study using stimuli depicting block movements?
Infants understand object permanence and physical constraints much earlier than Piaget claimed.
Prenatal anxiety is associated with lower concentrations of this hormone, which supports prenatal development.
Growth Factor II
Baddley and Hitch indicated that working memory is a dynamic system that can store how many items (also called digit span)?
7 +/- 2 items
Declarative/conceptual knowledge is typically attributed to this area of the brain.
Temporal Lobe
During pregnancy, some fetal cells cross the placenta and take up long-term residence in the parent’s tissues, sometimes triggering a stronger immune response because the parent’s immune system has been “primed” by earlier pregnancies.
Fetal Microchimerism
Neopiagetians place the emphasis on this as a requirement of more advanced development
Working memory/cognitive processes
____ neurons support observational learning in babies
Mirror
This idiom describes what phenomenon: "we see a forest, not the trees"
Face recognition is a global process that is hard-wired in humans.
Classical conditioning creates this type of memory.
Implicit memory
Early condition in which the boundary between self and others is not yet fully formed.
Solipsism