Light-dependent Reactions
In which organelle does photosynthesis occur?
Chloroplast
Where in the chloroplast does the Calvin Cycle occur?
Stroma
Which organisms perform photosynthesis? Which organisms perform cellular respiration?
PS -- producers/autotrophs
CR -- nearly all organisms, (producers, consumers, most decomposers, etc)
Where does the CAC occur?
Matrix (innermost space in the mitochondria)
Where does oxidative phosphorylation occur?
Inner mitochondrial membrane
Where in the chloroplast do the light-dependent reactions occur?
Thylakoid membrane
What powers the Calvin Cycle and where do these molecules come from?
NADPH (electrons) and ATP from the light-dependent reactions
Where does glycolysis occur?
Cytoplasm (fluid that fills the cell and surrounds the organelles)
What is the major input of the CAC?
Pyruvates (from glycolysis)
What are the inputs for oxidative phosphorylation and where do these inputs come from?
NADH and FADH2 (electron carriers) from the CAC and NADH from glycolysis
What is the purpose of H2O?
It is split to provide electrons to the electron transport chain
In addition to NADPH and ATP, what is the main input for the Calvin Cycle?
CO2
What is the major input of glycolysis?
Glucose
What are the four outputs of the CAC?
CO2, 2 ATP, NADH, FADH2
As the electrons move through the electron transport chain, what happens to the H+ ions?
The H+ ions are forced across the inner membrane through the protein channels, building up a lot of pressure on one side of the membrane due to the uneven amount of H+.
What is the purpose of the sunlight?
It excites the electrons to move through the electron transport chain
During the Calvin Cycle, CO2 is "fixed" into which major output?
Glucose (C6H12O6)
What happens to glucose during glycolysis?
Glucose is broken down into two pyruvates (glyco = glucose; lysis = "to break down")
We all have heard that animals breathe out CO2. But WHY do organisms release CO2?
It is a byproduct of the CAC
What happens next to the H+ ions? What else is produced from this?
The H+ ions flow back across the membrane through ATP synthase to even out the number of H+ on each side. As this happens, ATP synthase will produce lots of ATP.
What are the three outputs of the light-dependent reactions?
NADPH (carries electrons), ATP, and O2 (byproduct from the splitting of water)
What is the purpose of photosynthesis?
To convert sun energy into energy stored in the bonds of glucose (aka, sunlight to glucose)
What else is produced from breaking the bonds of glucose?
2 ATP and NADH (electron carrier)
Freebie!
:)
Explain the role of O2 as an input and H2O as an output of oxidative phosphorylation.
O2 is the final electron acceptor at the end of the electron transport chain. It accepts two electrons, giving it a 2- charge. It then combines with two H+ ions, making H2O as a byproduct!