who holds power + the four I's
what are the four I's?
individuals, ideas, interests, and institutions
Define justice
the concept of "fair" distribution of benefits and burdens in society
Name 3 things that congress had the power to do in the articles of confederation
(any 3 listed)
borrow and request money from the states
maintain army and navy
establish courts and postal systems
conduct foreign affairs
appoint military officers
control native affairs
What are the 3 branches of government?
Legislative, Executive, and Judicial
Define Necessary and proper clause
The Constitution authorizes Congress to make all laws necessary and proper for carrying out the enumerated powers—or any other power the Constitution vests in the national government. This necessary and proper clause is also known as the elastic clause.
Define negative Liberty
freedom with no constraints or interference from others.
what is the purpose of the preamble
to announce the reasons for the document and why the colonists are separating from England
Name 3 thing congress did NOT have the power to do in the articles of confederation
(any 3)
regulate commerce
collect taxes from citizens
establish a national commercial system
force states to comply with laws
establish a draft
collect money from states for services
Describe the delegates
40 on average
owned public services
speculated in land
lent money at interest
had mercantile, manufacturing, or shipping connections
operated plantations
were lawyers
signed the declaration
served in continental congress
fought in revolutionary war
served in legislature
What is Sovereignty
The exclusive right of an independent state to reign supreme and base absolute power over a geographic region and its people.
Give an example of institutions in America
Congress; city council; state legislature; courts
What are the 4 political principles found in part 2 of the delcaration?
1. all men are created equal
2. certain rights endowed by the creator
3. government whose end is to protect those rights is created by consent
4.right to revolution
explain the concept of consent (in government)
citizens consent to be governed and receive protection
How many votes did each state have in congress?
each state only had one vote
Name a few Concurrent Powers
collect taxes, regulate the bank, borrow money, provide for the common good
what is the Intention of the American Government
–Establish justice
–Ensure domestic tranquility
–Provide for the common defense
–Promote the general welfare
–Secure the blessings of liberty
What is the purpose of listing the Grievances in the DOI
To show the violation of rights by having a list of violations based on the political principles there is a legitimate right to revolt
How many articles and amendments are there? name one article and what it does
open ended
What was the main difference between the VA plan and the NJ plan?
The VA plan wanted a bicameral legislature and the NJ plan wanted a unicameral legislature
Granted vs Implied Powers
Granted Powers–National government powers listed explicitly in the Constitution.
Implied Powers–National government powers implied by, but not specifically named in, the Constitution.
What is the pluralist vs Elite Theory
–Pluralist theory: Suggests that people can influence government through the many interest groups.
–Elite theory: counters that power rests in the hands of a small number of wealthy & powerful people – Media influence
Summarize part 4 of the declaration of independence
declaring official separation from england, stating that independence is their god given right
What were the complaints of the anti-federalists?
they believed the constitution took too much power from the citizens
Created a bicameral legislature with an upper and lower house (senate the house of representatives)
Each state would only have two senate
the amount of members in the house of representatives for each state is dependent on population size
Summarize Federalist 51
Government must be created to have Security against gradual concentration of power
“Ambition must be made to counteract ambition.”–Government must be able to govern and control itself