Cooperation
Two-level game
Leaders make decisions at both domestic and international levels, these decisions can affect each other simultaneously
Screening mechanism
The criteria or processes by which members of an institution determine who else is allowed to join.
Anarchy
An environment where no overarching authority exists; all actors are reliant on their own capabilities for protection
Counterfactual
A hypothetical scenario where some key component (e.g. treatment vs. control) has changed; impossible ot observe.
Transaction costs
The costs associated with coming to a cooperative agreement (ex. due diligence, determining terms)
Mission creep
When the purview/focus of an organization drifts or expands away from its original purpose
Realism
A theory of IR where states are unitary actors in an anarchic system and act solely in their best interests
Theory, case, hypotheses, methodology, result
Shadow of the future
The idea that because future cooperation is at stake, actors have more incentive to cooperate
Club goods
Goods that are non-rival but excludable (one actor's use doesn't affect others'; it's possible to prevent others from using them)
Security dilemma
A situation in which the defensive/preparatory actions of one state are seen as offensive/threatening to another state
Selection problem
When observing a hypothesized cause and effect, it is unclear whether some common characteristic causes units (states) to select into the treatment/cause AND gives rise to the effect.
Nash equilibrium
A course of action (strategy) where no actor has the unilateral incentive to deviate (e.g. if everyone else behaved the same, this is the most advantageous strategy- for everybody).
Functionalist theory of institutional design
Institutions are set up to facilitate cooperation, so their structures are dictated by what is most efficient and can solve cooperation problems.
Economic interdependence (x2 points if you can name the two constituent parts of interdependence)
A state of affairs where multiple states' economies are highly integrated; composed of sensitivity and vulnerability
Fundamental problem of causal inference
We cannot observe parallel universes where an individual unit receives both treatment and control, therefore it is impossible to fully accurately determine a causal effect