Getting Started
An idea of how something in the real world works
What is a theory?
Rows in a dataset are to observations as columns are to...
What are variables?
A nominal variable that only has 2 categories
What is a binary variable?
Mean median and mode
What are measures of central tendency?
A prediction that we make about our sample
What is an alternative hypothesis?
Some real-world phenomena we are interested in studying
What is a concept?
The level at which we are interested in studying a concept, like the state
What is a unit of analysis?
Mutually exclusive categories of possible responses that can not be ranked meaningfully?
What is a categorical (or nominal) variable?
Variation or spread across values of a variable
What is dispersion?
A range in which our sample (or something more extreme) is contained a predetermined percentage of the time
What is a confidence interval?
A dataset made up of observations at the country level of analysis in the RCPA3 package
What is the world data?
Attempt to apply aggregate-level attributes to individuals
What is an ecological fallacy?
An accurate representation that consistently returns the correct results
What is a valid and reliable variable
Add up all the values and divide by the number of observations
What is finding the mean?
An established statistical rule that tells us that if we were to take an infinite number of samples of size n from a population of N members, the sample means will follow a normal distribution
What is the Central Limit Theorem?
Set of user-written commands in R
What is a package?
A definition of something we want to study that specifies measurable properties and a unit of analysis
What is a conceptual definition?
A numeric variable that can be used to measure the exact difference between results
What is an interval (or continuous) variable
The extent to which the cases in a continuous variable fall on or close to the mean
What is the standard deviation?
The probability of obtaining a test statistics at least as extreme as the result actually observes under the assumption that the null hypothesis is actually true
What is a p-value?
An experiment that is used to control for random factors that the researcher may or may not know
What is a randomized control trial?
A definition which specifies the instrument used in measuring a concept
What is an operational definition?
A feeling thermometer is an example
What is an ordinal variable?
The systemic deviation from the true value or result
What is bias?
We find a p-value of .01
What is rejecting the null hyothesis?