Law and Norms
What are the three steps of the norms lifecycle?
[Bonus: put them in order]
1. Norms entrepreneurs work to convince others of the norm
2. Norms cascade occurs
3. Norms are internalized, conformity is automatic
Which treaty bans the use of landmines?
The Ottawa Convention
The Vienna Convention in 1985 is an example of states working together to protect the environment. The United States took a leadership role in this framework convention, eventually banning what?
CFCs (chlorofluorocarbons)
What do transnational advocacy networks (TANs) do?
They promote norms and advocate for their positions
What types of rights are covered in the Universal Declaration of Human Rights?
[Bonus: what year was it adopted?]
Articles cover everything from political to social to economic
[Bonus: 1948]
What key issue of fairness in climate negotiations is at stake in the case of Nepal?
Small countries have little leverage over other countries in international negotiations
What is “the court of last resort”?
The International Criminal Court (ICC)
“Countries should have flags and national anthems” is an example of this type of norm
constitutive norm
4 reasons states don't comply with international law
1. The law may be too imprecise for states to follow
2. They may not have the ability to comply with the law
3. They value their short-term interests more than their long-term ones
4. It goes against their interests to follow a particular law
Democratic states are often the most important promoters of international human rights. What might be one reason for this?
Domestic pressure from promoters of human rights is more likely to be effective in a democracy
Despite widespread harm associated with ozone depletion, what made cooperation to address it so difficult to achieve?
Which Court allows individuals to sue for human rights abuses?
The European Court of Human Rights
Where does most data we have on human rights come from?
Trans national advocacy networks (TANs) for example, amnesty international
How can states monitor compliance with international law and norms?
1. They can rely on self-reports of other states
2. They can monitor one another's behavior directly
3. They can delegate the responsibility to trustworthy third parties such as TANs
Why are human rights controversial?
The idea of universal human rights potentially conflicts with norm of state sovereignty
In what way might slowing climate change not be considered a public good?
It may result in net welfare reductions for some actors
The U.S. and its allies signed onto which human rights treaty in 1976?
The International Covenant on Civil and Political Rights
This 1993 treaty solidified an international norm regarding a weapon considered socially inappropriate
The Chemical Weapons Convention
India and Pakistan have fought numerous wars over the past 70 years. Despite those wars, and despite both sides having access to nuclear weapons for the past several decades, neither side has ever used nuclear weapons against the other because of the international norm against their use. This is an example of which kind of norm?
Regulative
How has technology changed the international human rights regime?
Human rights violations are now much more likely to be publicized globally
When do cap-and-trade systems work best?
When pollution is easily observable
Who are the 2 norm entrepreneurs in the campaign to ban land mines?
Princess Diana and Jody Williams
In what country did mothers march every day to successfully get their government to address anonymous killings?
Argentina