International Security
The source of war for a Marxist.
Bonus: How do Marxists end war?
What is exploitative economic relations/capitalism?
Bonus: By ending capitalism
Bonus: How does trade achieve that goal?
What is: as a means to to gain relative power?
Bonus: By generating income states are able to translate that capital into power (typically weapons or other forms of hard power).
The way that each school of thought views IGOs
Realism -> Tools of powerful states to advance their own interests
Liberals -> Good. Promoting efficiency in advancing preferences. Reduce uncertainty.
Marxists -> Tools of global exploitation and global capitalism.
True or False: States follow international law in order to avoid sanctions.
What is: False.
They follow laws that they intended to follow to begin with. This is the selection effect.
Sam's favorite pokémon.
Bonus: My favorite Game of Thrones house
What is Squirtle?
Bonus: Who are The Starks?
The two types of disarmament.
Bonus: Explain what each does.
What is qualitative and quantitative disarmament?
Bonus: Qualitative focuses on types of weapons. Quantitative focuses on amount of weapons/weapon ratios.
Consider SALT (L) vs. START (R) treaties.
The way a state can discourage imports.
Bonus: Provide examples.
What is protectionism?
Bonus: Tariffs, Quotas, Subsidies, Exchange rates, etc.
See Couglin et al. for more.
The goal of international institutions when it concerns international trade.
Bonus: How do the schools of thought interpret this?
What is: To increase openness to trade. (Free trade)
Bonus: Realists -> IGOs reflect the will of powerful states.
Liberals -> IGOs do exactly what they should in promoting global cooperation.
Marxists -> IGOs are tools of oppression.
These provide the sources for international law.
What are treaties and norms?
The definition of deterrence used in this class.
Bonus: Who is the author?
What is "A threatens to inflict intolerable damage on B to prevent B from attacking A's vital interests"
Bonus: Morgan
This is the orthodox realist view of international security.
Bonus: What are some problems of this view?
What is peace through strength?
Bonus: Guns vs. Butter; Increases Tension; Temptation to use weapons; Arms race
Capitalism is inherently flawed according to some authors, if that is true then what must the solution be in order for capitalism to sustain itself?
Bonus: Name the author who argues this
What is colonization and exploiting new markets of labor.
Bonus: Who is Lenin?
The thing at stake in a liberals view for when state's consider acting against the norm.
What is reputation?
The reason that the international community struggle to have universal laws.
What is sovereignty?
The reason that states trade.
What is to increase profits?
What is a harmony of interests?
What is absolute vs. comparative advantage?
Many other examples of reasons why, these are just three. Be sure to understand that trade is beneficial.
NATO is an example of this type of agreement between states.
Bonus: Name the other type and provide an example.
What is collective defense?
Bonus: Collective security, League of Nations.
Collective Security = Protection from each other
Collective Defense = Protection from outside threats
Explain the logic behind why liberals believe that economics can lead to peace.
Economic Interdependence: Hurting others hurts yourself. This leads to a decrease in absolute gains, which is bad.
The critical view that IGOs have their own independent desires outside of what a state wants.
What is bureaucratic politics?
The way the three schools of thought view International Law.
Realists -> IL reflects the distribution of power throughout the world, not the will of the world. (bad)
Liberals -> IL reflects the strenuous efforts of multiple states coming together and advancing rules that benefit all. (good)
Marxists -> IL reflects the distribution of wealth throughout the world, benefiting the bourgeois solely. (bad)
True or False: The world is better off with the increase in globalization over the past 70 years.
This is really subjective and your own opinion on this is what matters. Having taken this class now, you should be able to intelligently discuss the way in which states interact with not only each other but also international institutions. Whether or not you think the world is better or worse off is a normative argument that is up to you to make at family holiday dinners. Cheers.
The theoretical explanation for conflict (or the lack thereof) according to liberals.
What is democratic peace theory?
The reason that the periphery is underdeveloped.
Bonus: What is the solution?
What is dependency theory?
Bonus: Import Substitution Industrialization
Read Cohn for more information.
What are four key ways in which IGOs reduce likelihood of conflict.
What are: 1) acting as mediators, 2) providing a credible-commitment to solutions, 3) providing information sharing, 4) having preferences merge.
The two viewpoints regarding international law compliance.
What are the cynical and optimistic views.
Cynical = Selection effect
Optimist = Overall beneficial
The three legs of the Kantian Tripod that we've discussed for peace.
What are: International Law + Democratic Peace Theory + Economic Interdependence
The end goal for liberalism is enduring peace, these three things are all necessary to achieve that.