Theory
Swiss psychologist who proposed a stage-wise developmental theory and called children "little scientists."
Who is Piaget?
Studies using pacifiers show that babies have a preference for this, indicating that their hearing has developed prenatally.
What is their mother's voice?
An underlying health problem accounts for infant’s failure to obtain or make use of adequate nutrition.
What is failure to thrive?
Seeking out of another person’s perception of a situation to help us form our own view of it.
What is social referencing?
A variable of interest that differs between your experimental & control groups.
What is an independent variable?
Perspective that views development as a process where the effects of learning increase gradually, with no major qualitative changes.
What is continuous?
The first and shortest phase of prenatal development, lasting from conception to about two weeks.
What is the germinal stage?
A time in development when something must happen if its ever going to happen OR if an event is going to happen in the future.
What is a critical period?
A child-rearing style marked by high warmth and affection but very few rules, boundaries, or demands.
What is permissive?
The only type of study where you can infer cause-and-effect.
Theorist who discussed the Zone of Proximal Development and scaffolding.
Who is Vygotsky?
The amount of alcohol that scientists say is safe to drink during pregnancy.
What is none?
Process by which new information about the world is incorporated into existing schemata.
What is assimilation?
Observational procedure developed by developmental psychologist Mary Ainsworth to assess how infants aged 9 to 30 months balance exploration and anxiety when separated from and reunited with their primary caregivers.
What is the Strange Situation?
Research design that compares groups of people of different ages (IV) on a variable of interest (DV).
What is cross-sectional research?
Theorist that suggested that learning occurs by observing other people, by reading, by engaging in different media.
Who is Bandura?
Any substance, organism, or environmental factor that can cause physical or functional birth defects in a developing embryo or fetus.
What is a teratogen?
Development that starts at the upper part of the head to lower parts of the body.
Enduring emotional bond between one animal or person and another.
What is attachment?
A research method that compares groups of people of different ages (IV) on a variable of interest (DV); same characteristics across groups.
What is longitudinal research?
This theorist used a small white rat to terrify Little Albert.
Who is Watson?
A genetic condition affecting females caused by a missing, partially missing, or altered X chromosome, characterized by short stature and physical differences.
What is Turner syndrome?
Piagetian stage where the baby repeats pleasurable actions centred on its own body.
What are primary circular reactions?
A common cognitive mistake made by infants aged 8 to 12 months where they look for a hidden toy in the first hiding place (Location A) even after watching it get moved to a second hiding place (Location B).
What is the A-not-B error?
When one variable is associated with another variable (e.g., ice cream sales related to temperature).
What is a correlation?