Infection Control
What is OSHA, and how does it help protect beauty professionals in the workplace?
OSHA is a part of the U.S. Department of Labor that creates and enforces safety and health rules for workers. It protects beauty professionals by setting standards as well as maintaining overall workplace safety.
What does TDLR mean and what is their role?
TDLR stands for the Texas Department of Licensing and Regulation, which oversees rules and licenses for beauty professionals in Texas.
What is canities and what are its two types?
Canities is the technical term for gray or white hair caused by the loss of the hair’s natural pigment. The two types of canities are congenital (present from birth) and acquired (develops later in life).
What are Beau’s lines and what causes them?
Beau’s lines are visible horizontal depressions or ridges that run across the width of the nail plate. They are caused by a temporary slowing or interruption in the production of nail matrix cells, often due to illness, injury, or stress on the body.
What are the major parts of the natural nail? Name each.
Nail folds, proximal nail fold, nail plate, nail bed, matrix, cuticle, eponychium, hyponychium, and specialized ligaments.
What is Human Papilloma Virus (HPV) and how can it affect the body?
A virus that can infect the skin. It can appear on the bottom of the foot as small black dots in clusters, known as plantar warts. It can also be a sexually transmitted infection that causes genital warts.
What can happen if a salon fails to properly use disinfectants or employ licensed professionals under TDLR rules
TDLR can issue citations, fines, suspend or revoke licenses, or close the salon for unsafe or unsanitary practices.
What is trichorrhexis nodosa?
Trichorrhexis nodosa is the technical term for knotted hair. It is a condition where the hair becomes brittle and develops small nodular swellings or weak points along the hair shaft.
What is an eggshell nail?
An eggshell nail is a nail condition where the nail plate becomes noticeably thin, white, and more flexible than normal.
What is the hyponychium and what is its function?
A slightly thickened layer of skin located between the fingertip and the free edge of the nail plate. It forms a protective barrier that helps prevent microorganisms from entering and infecting the nail bed.
What are two main differences between viruses and bacteria?
- Viruses can only live and reproduce by entering and taking over other living cells, while bacteria can live and reproduce on their own.
- Bacterial infections can usually be treated with antibiotics.
What types of violations might TDLR inspectors look for during a salon inspection?
Improper sanitation, unlicensed workers, unsafe equipment use, and failure to follow infection control procedures or state regulations.
What might cause fragilitas crinium?
Excessive exposure to UV rays, chemical or mechanical damage to the hair, and wearing tight hairstyles like braids or ponytails that put too much tension on the hair.
What is melanonychia and what is it caused by?
Melanonychia is the significant darkening of the fingernails or toenails caused by an increase in pigment cells called melanocytes.
What is the difference between the eponychium and the cuticle?
The eponychium is living tissue located under the proximal nail fold that produces the cuticle. The cuticle is a dead, non-living tissue that sticks to the nail plate.
What are state regulatory agencies and what is their role in the beauty industry?
Organizations that protect the health and safety of beauty professionals and their clients during services. They include licensing agencies, state boards, commissions, and health departments.
What does TDLR require before a person can work in a salon?
A valid cosmetology license before working in a salon.
What is tinea favosa and what is it characterized by?
Tinea favosa, also called honeycomb ringworm, is a fungal infection of the scalp. It is characterized by dry yellow crusts called scutula that form on the scalp
What is nail psoriasis and what are its common signs?
A nail disorder that affects the nail surface and nail bed. It can cause pitting, rough or uneven texture, onycholysis (nail lifting from the nail bed), and discoloration of the nail bed that may appear randomly or in even patterns.
What is the matrix in the nail?
The matrix is the area of the nail where nail plate cells are formed. It is made of matrix cells that produce and build the nail plate as it grows.
What are the three types of disinfectant properties required in salons, spas, and barbershops?
Bactericidal (kills bacteria), virucidal (kills viruses), and fungicidal (kills fungi and molds).
Why is bleach used in salons?
Bleach is used in salons to disinfect tools and surfaces and kill germs that can cause infections.
What is the difference between alopecia totalis and alopecia universalis?
Alopecia totalis is the complete loss of all terminal hair on the scalp. Alopecia universalis is the complete loss of all terminal hair on both the scalp and the entire body.
What is onychocryptosis?
Onychocryptosis (an ingrown nail) is a condition where the nail grows into the surrounding living tissue, often causing pain, redness, and swelling.
What is the natural nail called and what is it made of?
The natural nail is technically called the onyx. It is mainly made of keratin, a fiber-shaped protein also found in skin and hair.