Physiology
This type of feedback amplifies a physiological response rather than returning it to homeostasis.
What is positive feedback?
This organelle is responsible for modifying, packaging, and sorting proteins for secretion.
What is the Golgi apparatus
This type of hybridization occurs in carbon atoms forming a triple bond.
What is sp hybridization?
This device delivers an electric shock to restore a normal heart rhythm in cases of sudden cardiac arrest.
What is an automated external defibrillator (AED)?
This common viral infection causes fever, body aches, cough, and fatigue and is often confused with the common cold.
What is influenza (the flu)?
During ventricular systole, this specific heart valve prevents backflow of blood into the left atrium.
What is the mitral (bicuspid) valve?
During cellular respiration, this enzyme complex in the mitochondrial inner membrane synthesizes ATP using a proton gradient.
What is ATP synthase?
What is the term for a molecule that has the same molecular formula but a different connectivity of atoms?
What is an isomer?
When controlling external bleeding, this is the first step that should always be attempted before using a tourniquet.
What is direct pressure?
A patient presents with increased thirst, frequent urination, and unexplained weight loss. Blood glucose levels are significantly elevated.
What is diabetes mellitus?
This structure in skeletal muscle stores calcium ions necessary for excitation-contraction coupling.
What is the sarcoplasmic reticulum?
These regulatory sequences in DNA increase transcription by binding to specific transcription factors.
What are enhancers
The mechanism in which a nucleophile attacks an electrophilic carbon while simultaneously displacing a leaving group in one concerted step.
What is an SN2 reaction?
In anaphylaxis, this medication is the first-line treatment and should be administered intramuscularly into the lateral thigh.
What is epinephrine (adrenaline)?
A young adult experiences sharp chest pain that worsens when lying down and improves when sitting up. A pericardial friction rub is heard on auscultation.
What is pericarditis?
During prolonged fasting, this process in the liver generates glucose from non-carbohydrate sources such as amino acids and glycerol.
What is gluconeogenesis?
This process describes the programmed death of cells, critical for development and tissue maintenance.
What is apoptosis?
In a galvanic cell, this equation relates cell potential to concentration at nonstandard conditions.
What is the Nernst equation?
A patient presents with chest pain radiating to the left arm and diaphoresis. The first diagnostic test that should be performed in the emergency department is this.
What is an ECG (electrocardiogram)?
A patient presents with chronic cough producing sputum for at least three months in two consecutive years. This condition is one form of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD).
What is chronic bronchitis?
In response to high plasma osmolarity, this hypothalamic hormone stimulates water reabsorption in the collecting ducts of the kidneys.
What is antidiuretic hormone (ADH) or vasopressin?
This phase of meiosis introduces genetic variability through crossing over between homologous chromosomes.
What is prophase I?
At what wavenumber does the peak for a carbonyl group occur on IR spectroscopy?
What is 1650-1750cm-1
A 25-year-old male is pulled from a lake after being submerged for 5 minutes. He has a pulse but is not breathing. What is the most appropriate next step in management?
What is begin rescue breathing (ventilations) without chest compressions?
A 65-year-old man presents with resting tremors, muscle rigidity, bradykinesia, and a shuffling gait. These symptoms result from dopamine deficiency in the substantia nigra.
What is Parkinson’s disease?