What physical exam findings would you expect to find in a dog with pulmonic stenosis?
What is
-Left basilar systolic murmur
-Right apical systolic murmur if tricuspid is regurgitating
-Signs of right heart failure
-Arrhythmias
-Normal pulse quality
100
Name the radiographic changes seen with SAS.
What is
-Left ventricular hypertrophy
-Left atrial enlargement
-Large aorta
-Changes consistent with left sided heart failure
100
What is type A PS?
What is the valve leaflets are fused with a normal annulus.
100
What surgical procedures can be performed in PS?
What is balloon valvuloplasty.
100
Who is predisposed to PS?
What are small dog breeds.
-Chihuahuas, pomeranians, French bulldogs
-Labs, boxers and english bulldogs
200
What physical exam findings would you expect to find in a dog with SAS?
What is
-Left basilar systolic murmur
-left apical systolic murmur if mitral regurgitation present
-May have pulse deficits or decreased pulse quality
200
Name the radiographic changes seen with PS.
What is
-Enlarged pulmonary artery
-Right ventricular hypertrophy
-Right atrial enlargement
-Signs of right heart failure
200
What is type B PS?
What is hypoplastic annulus with thickened dysplastic leaflets.
200
What drug class is commonly used for medical management of SAS and PS?
What are beta blockers.
200
Name 2 breeds commonly affected by SAS.
What are Large breeds like golden retriever, rottweiler, Newfoundland and Boxers. Males more commonly affected.
300
What are the typical presenting complaints of an animal with PS or SAS?
What is
-Asymptomatic!
-syncope, exercise intolerance, lethargy or signs of left/right heart failure.
300
What are ECG findings with PS?
What is
PS: Tall P waves indicative of right atrial enlargement
Prominent S waves with a narrow QRS indicating RVH
+/- arrhythmias
300
Compare the locations of the actual stenotic areas of a PS vs SAS.
What is
-With PS, the pulmonic valve is usually the stenotic area while in SAS, the stenosis is usually located distal to the valve.
300
How do beta blockers help in the medical management of PS and SAS?
What is
-Beta blockers and negative chronotropes which decrease the myocardial oxygen demand.
300
What other valvular disease does SAS predispose an animal to?
What is endocarditis
400
PS and SAS cause an increase in _____load.
What is afterload.
400
How is the severity of disease determined on echo?
What is measuring the velocity across the stenotic area and calculating the pressure gradient.
400
Explain why arrhythmias develop in cases of PS and SAS.
What is decreased coronary blood flow leading to myocardial ischemia and fibrosis.
400
What surgical treatment is available for SAS?
What is balloon valvuloplasty or removal of fibrotic ring.
400
What is the normal pressure gradient in the pulmonary artery and aorta.
What is about 5 mmHg
500
When is PS and SAS usually diagnosed?
What is at first puppy exams.
500
What are the ECG findings in SAS?
What is Wide P waves, +/- arrhthmias and tall QRS complex
500
What other anomaly is present in English Bulldogs and Boxers with PS?
What is an anomalous left coronary artery.
500
Is there long term benefit for a balloon valvuloplasty in SAS?
What is no.
500
If an animal has SAS, what is one way to reduce the risk for developing endocarditis during a procedure?