Childhood Development
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What is developmental psychology?
The study of physical, cognitive, and social development across the life span
What is authoritarian parenting?
Very strict and demanding parents (high demands/expectations and low support)
What therapy technique focuses on helping clients understand unconscious drives?
Psychoanalysis
What is the scientific study of how we think about, influence, and relate to one another?
Social Psychology
Sociologists study societies and social _____ , social psychologists focus more on how ______ view and affect one another.
Groupings and Individuals
What is a longitudinal study?
A study that follows the same group of people over time
What is permissive parenting?
Parents with low demands and expectations of their children (low demands/expectations and high support)
Which therapy approach emphasizes empathy and unconditional positive regard & who founded it?
Person-Centered therapy
Carl Rogers
In Asch’s conformity experiment, participants were asked to compare what?
The length of lines.
In Triplett’s 1898 study, what activity did he observe to demonstrate that people perform better in the presence of others?
Cycling
What is a cross sectional study?
A study that observes different groups of people at the same time
What is neglectful parenting?
Parents who are uninvolved with their childrens and ignore the relationship (low demands/expectations and low support)
A therapist encourages a client to confront their fear of public speaking by starting with smaller groups and gradually increasing the size. What therapy is being used?
Exposure therapy
Which psychologist conducted an obedience experiment in 1963, testing how far people would go in following an authority figure’s orders?
Stanely Milgram
The fundamental attribution error occurs when people overestimate what and underestimate what when analyzing others' behavior?
Understanding the impact of the situation and overestimating the impact of personal disposition.
What is neuroplasticty?
The brain's ability to change, especially during childhood and infancy
What are the defining characteristics of cognitive development during the teen years?
Reasoning is self-foucsed, morality is developed, and identity is formed (individual and group)
A therapist encourages a client to find meaning in their suffering and focuses on helping them discover a sense of purpose, even in challenging circumstances. Which therapy approach is the therapist using?
Logotherapy
What is the term for when people in a group exert less effort toward a common goal than when they are individually accountable?
Social loafing.
In Milgram’s obedience experiment, which factor increased participants' likelihood of obeying authority?
The authority figure being close at hand and perceived as legitimate.
What was Piaget's view on childhood development?
Children construct their understanding
of the world while interacting with it
Ex: Parents speaking with their infants teaches them how to speak
What are the signs of the aging brain in late adulthood?
Slowed reaction time, decresed perceptual and memory ability
A therapist helps a client explore the unconscious influences of past relationships on their current behavior, focusing on defense mechanisms and transference during sessions. What therapy approach is being used?
Psychodynamic therapy
Which infamous 1971 experiment had to be stopped early due to ethical concerns about participants taking on extreme behaviors in their assigned roles?
The Stanford Prison Experiment.
The ethical concerns from studies like Milgram’s and Zimbardo’s led to the establishment of what research oversight body?
The Insitutional Review Board (IRB)