The History of Psychology
Which psychologists focused on early childhood experiences and unconscious mind?
Sigmund Freud
The goals FOUR of psychology are to ________.
describe, explain, predict, and control behavior.
The nervous system is a ________ that ______.
a complex network of cells; carries information throughout the body.
The pons is a structure in the brain stem that plays a role in _____.
Sleep, dreaming, left-right body coordination, and arousal.
The tiny bones located in the middle ear are known as _____.
the hammer, anvil, and stirrup.
____ was a physiologist who attempted to apply the scientific method to objectively study the human mind .
Whilhem Wundt
Delilah gives out a short quiz to her class to determine who might do well on the upcoming exam. What is Delilah doing?
She is making a PREDICTION of her classes future behavior.
This cell makes up the nervous system and receives and sends messages within that system.
A neuron.
The cerebellum ________.
coordinates involuntary rapid fine-motor movement.
Sensation is _____.
The activation of the receptors in response to stimuli.
Which psychologist was an early proponent of functionalism and student of Wundt?
William James.
The statement that “Students who study will do better on their exams” represents which step in the scientific method?
A hypothesis.
The branchlike structures that receive messages from other neurons are called ____.
Dendrites
The structures of the limbic system play an important role in ________ and ________.
Memory; emotion
a perception that does not correspond to reality is known as a ____.
Illusion.
While out shopping, you see a display of individual cola boxes arranged in the shape of the NFL logo. Which psychological perspective does this represent?
Gestalt Psychology.
A group of researchers goes into the forest to observe and record wolf social bonding and hunting behaviors.
Which descriptive research method is this?
Naturalistic Observation.
Which part of a neuron carries messages out to other cells?
The axon.
An auto accident rendered Pedro’s nervous system unable to send messages for him to breathe, so he is on a respirator. Which brain structure was damaged in the accident?
The Medulla.
Kayla is in the park with her dog when she sees a group of 4 dogs playing. This tendency to perceive similar objects as part of a group is the gestalt principle of ____.
Proximity.
When Jim puts on his shoes, his dog is always waiting by the door. This is likely because when he puts on the shoes he takes his dog for a walk. What is the most likely explanation for the dogs behavior?
The dog has been conditioned to wait by the door whenever Jim puts on his shoes.
Identify the IV, DV, Experimental group, and Control group for the following hypothesis.
To determine the effect of sleep on college students overall stress and mental health, a group of researchers has one group of students sleep for 5 hours every night while the second group sleeps for 8 hours every night.
Independent variable: How long students sleep
Dependent variable: Students stress and mental health
Experimental group: Students who get 5 hours
Control group: Students who get 8 hours
What is the order the order in which a neuron receives and transmits information?
Dendrites, cell body (soma), axon, and axon terminals.
Paul has had an extreme phobia of snakes since he was bitten as a child. If he sees one in his garden, he often runs away immediately. One day Paul gets into a car accident, and when gets home he spots a snake in his front yard, but he doesn't run from it.
What structure in his brain has been damaged?
The amygdala.
Jason walks into his classroom and easily hears the buzzing of the lights, but after the lecture starts he doesn't notice the sound anymore.
What has Jason experienced?
Habituation.