Correlations
A scatterplot
provides a convenient picture of the data to examine the correlation between two variables
Construct validity is..
the extent to which variables measure what they're supposed to measure
Median
the value that falls halfway between the highest and lowest values in a set
What do inferential statistics do?
Determine whether effects are probably due to chance or whether they reflect true differences to the compared groups
What are critical studies?
Studies that directly contrast theories to see which theories best explain the data.
What is selection bias?
When groups are not equivalent because participants in different groups differ in unexpected ways
Mode
the most frequent score or value in a set of numbers
Statistically significant means..
the results obtained from a study would be very unlikely to occur if there were no real differences between the group of subjects
Descriptive research involves..
Observing behavior to describe that behavior objectively and systematically
Culturally sensitive research..
takes into account the role culture plays in how people think, feel, and act
Mean
the average of a set of numbers
Meta-analysis is..
a study of studies that have already been conducted
Hawthorne effect refers to..
changes in behavior that occur when people know that others are observing them
External validity is..
the degree to which the findings of a study can be generalized to other people, settings, or situations
What do descriptive statistics do?
Summarize basic patterns and provide an overall summary of the results
What concept does meta-analysis build off?
Replication
What is the directionality problem?
The problem of knowing the direction of the relationship between variables
Random error vs systemic error
Random = random affect on data accuracy; degree of error varies
Systematic = systematic affect on data accuracy; degree of error is constant
Describe a typical response or behavior of the group as a whole