Consciousness
IQ and Cognition
I forget the name of this category
Learning
The mystery box
100
This is awareness of: External events Internal sensations The self Thoughts about experiences
What is Consciousness
100
This is a mental shortcut, whereby our brains are able to quickly and efficiently make decisions.
What is a heuristic?
100
This is the type of memory responsible for facts, dates, and events. E.g., Columbus sailed the ocean blue in 1492 (and subsequently was thought to have brought syphilis to Europe).
What is declarative memory?
100
This is the man whose name is usually associated with the discovery of classical conditioning.
Who was Ivan Pavlov?
100
Pavlov originally conditioned dogs to salivate to the sound of a bell. In this case, the bell would be a ____ stimulus.
What is a conditioned stimulus?
200
This practice may alter one's consciousness through deliberate, focused attention and relaxation.
What is meditation?
200
This is a heuristic wherein we estimate the likelihood of an event's occurrence by the ease with which relevant examples come to mind.
What is the availability heuristic?
200
This is the type of memory responsible for remembering how to do things, like tying your shoes or driving a car.
What is procedural memory (non-declarative memory)
200
This is the shaping of closer and closer approximations of a desired behavior.
What is operant conditioning
200
Because my dog sat when I told him to, I gave him a treat. I used this.
What is positive reinforcement
300
Most drugs affect this neurotransmitter, associated with reward learning.
What is dopamine?
300
On the Wechsler Adult Intelligence scale, this score represents the average. For bonus points (and of course risk), this is the value of the standard deviation of these scores.
What is 100; SD = 15
300
This type of processing is considered more shallow and leads to less retention, this type of processing is intermediate, while this type of processing is often deeper, leading to more retention of information.
What are structural, phonemic, and semantic, respectively?
300
Bill is the manager of a software company. Three of his employees are Bob, Jeff, and Sue. Bob is an obnoxious, odiferous man whose mere presence is off-putting. Unfortunately for Sue, Bob's cubicle is directly adjacent to hers. Jeff had a terrible weekly review, while sue really performed well this week. Well-versed in psychology (though clearly not so much so in ethics), Bill moved Bob to the desk next to Jeff in order to affect both Sue and Jeff's behavior. This move was ____ for Sue, and ____ for Jeff.
What is negative reinforcement for Sue, positive punishment for Jeff?
300
When we focus hard on one thing, only to miss something else in our environment, we are falling victim to this.
What is inattentional blindness?
400
Light causes our retinas to send signals to the hypothalamus, which in turn sends signals to ____ release of this hormone (____) from the pineal gland
What is reduce or stop release of melatonin in the pineal gland?
400
This effect, describing recent increases in IQ within industrialized nations, has often been critiqued as a self-fulfilling prophesy.
What is the Flynn effect?
400
This brain structure, shaped like a seahorse, is responsible for transferring short-term memory to long-term memory.
What is the hippocampus?
400
B.F. Skinner was paid by the military to develop this, using operant conditioning.
What is design a pigeon-guided missile?
400
This term is used to describe a person's intellectual ability as it is shaped by environment, falling near a certain level as determined by genetics.
What is the reaction range?
500
This part of the brain, running through the brainstem into the midbrain is responsible for regulating wakefulness.
What is the reticular formation (reticular activating system is also acceptable)?
500
Tommy is a 38 year old man fishing with his son. Unfortunately, he forgot to bring a fishing lure. Looking in his tackle box, he sees only a pack of Extra® gum, some wire, and a pair of pliers. Despondent, Tommy gave up on fishing. He was baffled to see his 7 year old son, MacGyver, immediately fashion a fishing lure out of these objects. Tommy likely suffered from this barrier to problem-solving.
What is functional fixedness?
500
Tommy lost both his hippocampi in a game of Texas hold 'em. He may still be able to form this type of memory, even if he doesn't remember practicing.
What is procedural memory/ what are procedural memories?
500
This reinforcement schedule is the most resistant to extinction.
What is a variable ratio scale?
500
Words at the beginning of a list of words are remembered commonly because of ___ effects, while words at the end of a list are remembered commonly because of ___ effects.
What are primacy and recency effects, respectively.
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