Chapter 5
What are the three stages of a developing fetus?
Germinal, embryonic, fetal
What is the type of sleeping disorder where there are pauses in breathing during sleep which shifts sleep from need to light? Can often cause poor sleep quality and daytime sleepiness.
Sleep Apnea
What are the three types of memory?
Sensory, Short-term, long-term
What is conditioning?
This can cause low birth weight, damage to the central nervous system, physical abnormalities in the face, and many more. It is caused from a specific teratogen during development from the mother.
Fetal Alcohol Spectrum Disorder (FASD)
Caffeine, nicotine, cocaine, and ecstasy are all examples of ___________ drugs.
Stimulants
What are the four stages of long-term memory?
Encoding, consolidation, storage, retrieval
Kathryn watches her dad go to the pantry, get the cereal, poor it in a bowl, poor the milk, and then eat his cereal. She decides she wants cereal too so she follows her dad’s steps exactly in order to get a bowl of cereal. What type of learning theory does this example represent?
Social Learning Theory
Sarah gets angry because her sister, Lauren, was given 4 quarters while she was only given 4 pennies. This is because the quarters are bigger so that means Lauren has more. Lauren tries to explain that they have the same amount, but she has a difficult time forming the words and thoughts needed to explain. What stage is each girl in?
Sarah: Preoperational stage
Lauren: Concrete operational stage
Peter has been studying for his PSY 1010 exam and is starting to feel stressed and overwhelmed. He decides to take a break and eat some chicken nuggets. He opens the fridge to grab ketchup and cannot find it. He yells to his roommates and asks why no one picked up new ketchup from the store. They tell him they just got some and to look again. He opens the fridge to find it right in the middle of the top shelf. What is this an example of?
Inattentional blindness
Brock was in an accident when he was riding his motorcycle on the freeway. After waking up in the hospital, he was not able to recognize his wife. After some weeks in the hospital, he went home and was able to learn how to cook some new recipes. What is this an example of?
Retrograde amnesia
Travis tends to gag when he hears other people gag or throw up. His roommates think it would be interesting to try to get him to gag to the sound of his Xbox turning on. Whenever Travis goes to turn on his Xbox, his roommates play a recording of someone gagging, which makes Travis gag. After weeks of this same routine, one day Travis turns on his Xbox and gags without his roommates playing the video. What is the NS, US, UR, CR, CS?
NS: sound of Xbox turning on
US: sound of someone else gagging
UR: Travis gagging
CS: sound of Xbox turning on
CR: Travis gagging
As you age, _____________ intelligence shows a steady incline and then levels off. ____________ intelligence increases till about early adult hood and then declines over time.
Crystallized;Fluid
Stephanie is participating in sleep study where they measure her brain waves while she sleeps. About halfway through the night, the experimenters look at her brain wave data. They see medium sized waves that contain some K complexes and sleep spindles. What stage of sleep is Stephanie in currently and what waves are being seen?
Explain the function of the hippocampus in long-term memory?
It organizes and sorts information to the proper cortex. It also helps store some explicit memory.
This individual noted that most behaviors occurred spontaneously and that in order to make those behaviors occur again, you could manipulate the consequences of that behavior. Who founded this idea and what was his main finding called?
Edward L. Thorndike; Law of Effect
Mark is an infant with his mother at the park. When his mother steps away to take a call, Mark begins to cry and refuses to play. When the mother comes back, mark refuses to stop crying or to start playing again. What type of attachment does Mark have?
Insecure-resistant
Carter is driving on the freeway at night. He has been driving for many years. He is blasting music and talking to his friend in the car all at the same time. However, halfway through their drive it starts to snow. Carter is having a hard time seeing the road so he turns down his music and tells his friend he needs to focus for one minute. What is this an example of?
Perceptual Load Model
Ellie is in college and recently switched her major from English to Spanish. She has been speaking Spanish for a couple years, but English is still her first language. In her first Spanish class, she has trouble remembering Spanish grammar and keeps writing her answers using English grammar. What is this an example of?
Proactive Interference.
Greg is in a study where every five times he answers a questions right, he gets an extra 10 minutes at recess. The experimenters start to see Greg answer more and more questions. Elise on the other hand gets rewarded at a random time even if she answers one question. They see her start to answer some more questions, but her response rate is not increasing nearly as fast as Gregs. What is Greg’s experimenter using, and what is Elise’s?
Greg: fixed-ratio
Elise: Variable-interval