Neuroscience & Behavior
These are nerve cells, the basic components of the nervous system.
What are Neurons?
The activation of the sense organs by a source of physical energy.
What is sensation?
The awareness of the sensations, thoughts, and feelings being experienced at a given moment.
What is Consciousness?
A relatively permanent change in behavior brought about by experience.
What is Learning?
Brain activity in which people mentally manipulate information including words, visual images, sounds, or other data.
What is Thinking?
Factors that direct and energize the behavior
of humans and other organisms.
What is Motivation?
The part of personality that harshly judges the morality of our behavior.
What is the Superego?
A person’s response to events that are threatening or challenging.
What is Stress?
A class of disorders in which severe distortion of reality occurs.
What is Schizophrenia spectrum disorder?
The scientific study of how people’s thoughts, feelings, and actions are affected by others.
What is Social Psychology?
The part of the axon that sends messages to other neurons.
What are Terminal Buttons?
The sorting out, interpretation, analysis, and integration of stimuli by the sense organs and brain.
What is Perception?
The period of sleep characterized by quick, back-and-forth eye movements.
What is Rapid Eye Moment or REM Sleep?
A stimulus that decreases the probability that a previous behavior will occur again.
What is Punishment?
The branch of psychology that focuses on the study of higher mental processes.
What is Cognitive psychology?
Motivational tension, or arousal, that energizes behavior to fulfill a need.
What is Drive?
Unconscious strategies that people use to reduce anxiety by distorting reality and concealing the source of the anxiety from themselves.
What are Defense Mechanisms?
Circumstances and events in life that produce threats to our well-being.
What are Stressors?
Anxiety disorder that takes the form of panic attacks lasting from a few seconds to several hours.
What is Panic Disorder?
Evaluations of people, objects, ideas, and behavior.
What are Attitudes?
The part of the nervous system that includes the brain and spinal cord.
What is the Central nervous system (CNS)?
The part of the eye that converts the electromagnetic energy of light to electrical impulses for transmission to the brain.
What is the Retina?
Sudden awakenings from non-REM sleep accompanied by extreme fear, panic, and strong physiological arousal.
What are Night Terrors?
The process by which we encode, store, and retrieve information.
What is Memory?
These kinds of problems require the problem solver to rearrange elements in a way that will satisfy a certain criterion.
What are Arrangement Problems?
A body weight that is more than 20% above the average weight for a person of a certain height.
What is Obesity?
Unacceptable or unpleasant impulses are pushed out of awareness and back into the unconscious.
What is Repression?
The inhalation of vapors created by electronic cigarettes.
What is Vaping?
A severe form of depression that interferes with concentration, decision making, and sociability.
What is Major Depressive Disorder?
Organized bodies of information stored in memory that bias the way new information is interpreted, stored, and recalled.
What are Schemas?
The bundle of neurons that leaves the brain and runs down the length of the back.
What is the Spinal cord?
The part of the ear that vibrates when sound waves hit it.
What is an Eardrum?
Uncontrollable sleeping for short periods while a person is awake.
What is Narcolepsy?
A group of separate pieces of information stored as a single unit in short-term memory.
What is a Chunk?
Thinking in which a problem is viewed as having a single answer.
What is Convergent Thinking?
The rate at which food is converted to energy and expended by the body.
What is Metabolism?
People attribute unwanted impulses and feelings to someone else.
What is Projection?
Resistance is inadequate; the ability to fight the stressor declines; negative consequences such as illness and psychological symptoms appear.
What is Exhaustion?
A treatment in which a trained professional uses psychological techniques to help a person overcome psychological difficulties and disorders, resolve problems in living, or bring about personal growth.
What is Psychotherapy?
A change in behavior or attitudes brought about by a desire to follow the beliefs or standards of other people.
What is Conformity?
The four major sections of the cerebral cortex.
What are the Frontal lobes, Parietal lobes, Temporal lobes, and the Occipital lobes?
Physical stimuli that consistently produce errors in perception.
What are Visual Illusions?
These are an amphetamine-like stimulant that can produce euphoria but also paranoia and agitation.
What are Bath Salts?
This is a group of separate pieces of information stored as a single unit in short-term memory.
What is Long-term Memory?
The accumulation of information, knowledge, and skills that people have learned through experience and education.
What is Crystallized Intelligence?
The belief that individual characteristics, such as intelligence, talent, and motivation, can be developed through hard work.
What is a Growth Mindset?
Consistent, habitual personality characteristics and behavior displayed across different situations.
What are Traits?
People’s sense of their happiness and satisfaction with their lives.
What is Subjective well-being?
Freud’s form of psychotherapy in which the goal is to release hidden unconscious thoughts and feelings in order to reduce their power in controlling behavior.
What is Psychoanalysis?
Behavior directed toward individuals on the basis of their membership in a particular group.
What is Discrimination?