Theory
Research
Physical Development
Cognitive Development
Psychosocial Development
Misc.
100
If Troy’s behavior is viewed as active and self-determining, he would be perceived as demonstrating the __________ model of behavior.
What is ORGANISMIC?
100
(A) _______________ research deals with objectively measurable data, while (B)________________ research focusses on nonnumerical data, suc as subjective experiences, feelings, or beliefs.
(A) QUANTITATIVE
(B) QUALITATIVE
100
During the embryonic stage, babies are most vulnerable to this RANGE OF HARMFUL ENVIRONMENTAL SUBSTANCES which can pass through the placenta and may potentially cause birth defects.
What are TERATOGENS?
100
In aging adulthood, (A)________ _________ increases as (B)__________ __________ decreases.
What are (A) CRYSTALLIZED INTELLIGENCE and (B) FLUID INTELLIGENCE?
100
Research indicates that this PARENTING STYLE that blends respect for a child's individuality with an effort to instill social values through high levels of expectation and responsiveness (identified by Baumrind) is associated with positive outcomes such as higher levels of independence, self-sufficiency, social acceptance, and academic success.
What is AUTHORITATIVE PARENTING?
100
The primary DOMAINS of development we have studied in this course.
What are physical, cognitive and psychosocial development?
200
This theoretical perspective asserts that qualitative changes in thought occur between infancy and adolescence and that children are active initiators of development.
What is PIAGET'S COGNITIVE STAGE THEORY?
200
The chief advantage of experimental methods over case studies, ethnographic studies, or correlational studies is that they are ___________________.
What is BETTER ABLE TO DETERMINE CAUSE AND EFFECT?
(Also: highly controlled and can be repeated by another investigator.)
200
If Laurie has a trait, but neither of her parents exhibits this inherited trait, the trait must be __________ .
RECESSIVE
200
When 16 month-old Annie begins searching for an object that is partially hidden, she is demonstrating some concept of _________ ____________.
What is OBJECT PERMANENCE?
200
According to Parten, this type of play occurs when a child plays independently but among other children (beside but not with other children).
What is PARALLEL PLAY?
200
The scientific study of processes of change and stability throughout the human life span.
What is human development?
300
This psychoanalytic theory asserts that personality is influenced by society and develops through a series of crises.
What is ERIKSON'S PSYCHOSOCIAL THEORY?
300
In an experiment, Professor Daley manipulates the (A)__________ variable and then looks for an effect of that manipulation by measuring the (B)___________ variable.
What is (A) INDEPENDENT VARIABLE and
(B) DEPENDENT VARIABLE
300
Physiological signs of sexual maturation observed in puberty such as breast and muscle development, voice changes, and growth of pubic and facial hair.
What are SECONDARY SEX CHARACTERISTICS?
300
The second level of Kohberg's theory of moral reasoning, typically reached after age 10, in which standards of authority figures are internalized and people are concerned about being "good," pleasing others, and maintaining the social order.
What is CONVENTIONAL MORALITY (or morality of conventional role conformity)?
300
According to STERNBERG'S TRIANGULAR THEORY OF LOVE, there are three elements of love that together contribute to what he terms Consumate or Complete Love.
What are INTIMACY, PASSION, and COMMITMENT?
300
John is 15 years old his friends peer pressure him into repeatedly skipping school. As a result, John's grades at school suffer, and he eventually fails several classes. This is an example of an interaction between these two domains of development.
What are COGNITIVE and SOCIAL (psychosocial)?
400
This contextual theory asserts that development occurs through interaction between a developing person and five surrounding, interlocking contextual systems of influences, from microsystem to chronosystem.
What is BRONFRENBRENNER'S BIOECOLOGICAL THEORY?
400
Dr. Metzger has found in his research that when one variable increases, the other decreases.
What is a NEGATIVE (or inverse) CORRELATION between two variables?
400
A mechanism triggered by the environment that affects gene expression by turning genes on or off and determines functions of body cells without affecting the structure of the cell's DNA.
What is EPIGENISIS?
400
SENSORIMOTOR, PREPOPERATIONAL, OPERATIONAL, and CONCRETE.
What are PIAGET'S STAGES OF COGNITIVE DEVELOPMENT?
400
According to Costa and McCrae's FIVE FACTORS OF PERSONALITY model, personality development continues throughout the lifespan with the most change occurring between adolescence and age 30. However, these two traits tend to continue to increase with age.
What are AGREEABLENESS and CONTIENTIOUSNESS?
400
Share a NORMATIVE HISTORY-GRADED INFLUENCE that has shaped the behavior and attitudes of your HISTORICAL GENERATION.
???
500
You have five minutes. In your group, draw/diagram the process of classical conditioning, then recreate your drawing/diagram on the board to explain the principle to the class.
500
This type of research design can show age-related change or continuity but is time-consuming, expensive, and has a high risk of attrition.
What is a LONGITUDINAL STUDY?
500
In normal brain development, the loss of gray matter results from (A)_____________, while the increase in white matter is associated with (B) _____________.
What are
(A) SYNAPTIC PRUNING and
(B) MYELINATION.
500
This approach uses brain scans to determine which brain structures are associated with cognitive function and to chart developmental changes which indicate that neurological maturation is a major factor in cognitive development.
What is COGNITIVE NEUROSCIENCE?
500
Draw a diagram illustrating MARCIA'S THEORY OF IDENTITY STATUS.
500
A critical period is known as a period of time when an organism is most likely to be influenced by a specific event. However, because many aspects of development have been found to show ____________, many researchers have replaced the term "critical period" with "sensitive period."
What is PLASTICITY?
600
Name three important theorists who are proponents of the LEARNING perspective of human development.
Who are:
(Behaviorism) PAVLOV, WATSON - classical conditioning; SKINNER - operant conditioning
(Social Cognitive Learning Theory) BANDURA
600
List three key studies that have been discussed in our textbook or classroom discussions and summarize their findings.
(5 minutes)
600
List five examples of SENSCENCE.
600
List at least five influences on school achievement in middle childhood.
(p. 283-284)
self-efficacy beliefs, gender, parenting practices, socioeconomic status, peer acceptance, educational methods, class size, educational innovations, media use.
600
Appropriately identify four of ERIKSON'S STAGES OF PSYCHOSOCIAL DEVELOPMENT, including the approximate age of development and the virtue developed through successful resolution of the crises.
600
Name five influences on development.
What are...
heredity? environment? maturation?
contexts of development (family; SES; neighborhood; culture, race, and ethnicity; historical context)?
normative and non-normative influences (age-graded or history graded)?
Timing of influences (critical or sensitive periods)?