Cognitive Development
Define cognition.
Refers to the process of knowing and encompasses such phenomena as sensation, perception, imagery, recall… and thinking
In which developmental period do children normally start walking?
Infancy
Define emotions
physiological changes, subjective changes, and expressive behaviors that are involved in feelings such as love, joy, grief, anger and many others
Which method of communication is most commonly understood by infants?
body language 55%
Identify two characteristics of learning
○ There must be some change in behavior
○ This change must be relatively stable
○ The change must result from experience
Identify three gross motor development skills
Walking, running, jumping, skipping...
List four of the six basic emotions
Anger, Happiness, Sadness, Disgust, Fear, Surprise
What do you call language that is very simplified and highly redundant?
motherese
With the use of an example, what is the difference between metacognition and metamemory?
Metacognition refers to awareness of one's thoughts or mental processes whereas metamemory is the ability to recognize thought processes related to personal memory retention.
Identify three activities that can be done after fine motor skills development has occurred
Writing, drawing, buttoning, brushing teeth, eating with utensils, zipping tying shoe laces, scissor cutting...
Identify at least two important functions of emotions
Emotions help humans survive and adapt to their environment 2. Emotions serve to guide and motivate human behavior 3. Emotions support communication with others
Who believes that children rely on interactions with others to learn and that their social and cultural environment are important influences?
Lev Vygotsky
Describe the process in which information, such a phone number becomes stored into long term memory
Enters sensory register and is deposited into short term memory, with rehearsal or categorization as a recall technique it becomes stored into long term memory
With the use of an example, why is it important for children to visit and ENT or have regular check ups during early childhood?
Cognitive or Congenital Disorders
Deafness, Autism, mental retardation...
What is social referencing?
The practice whereby an inexperienced person relies on a more experienced person’s interpretation of an event to regulate his/her subsequent behavior Ex. looking at parents when confronted with new or unusual events
Give an example of telegraphic speech that is characteristic of infants.
see doggy there! Two or three word sentence combinations
Idenitfy and define four different types of memory
Identify three different categories of development that occur during early childhood
Brain Development
Motor Development
Weight. Height
Describe the play behavior of an infant who has not experienced consistent parent-infant reaction
When given toys to play with, they appear withdrawn, cautious, or even disinterested. Thier focus remains on the care provider or their external environment
What are the two broad categories of language acquisition theories?
nativist and Interactionist