The Truth is Out There
This is the bare minimum of a stimulus needed to evoke a response from the organism sensing it.
What is the absolute threshold?
This is the first thing that light hits when entering the eye. It does a good job at refracting light, but it gets more help with that later.
What is the cornea?
This form of learning depends upon the forming of associations between two stimuli.
What is classical conditioning?
Consider the following:
Graham got a shot when he went to the doctor, which made him very upset. Now when he is in the doctor's office he becomes agitated.
This is the type of conditioning that has taken place.
What is classical conditioning?
They are so small, it's impossible
that these bones are somehow responsible,
for our musical pleasure
you need these bone treasures
the jostling, vibrating ____________.
What are ossicles?
The "blind spot" in the eye occurs because the optic nerve leaves the eye, leaving that space on the retina without any of these.
What are photoreceptors?
What is "top-down" processing?
In Operant conditioning, this type of consequence causes a behavior to be more likely in the future.
What is a reinforcement?
Consider the following:
Alexa practiced playing soccer in the backyard with her father. Afterwards, her father identified what she had done well and poorly. A few days later, Alexa practices, but does not want her father to participate.
What type of consequence was the talk with her father on her practicing with him (this must have two words)?
What is positive punishment?
I know that reward is deserved,
I witnessed others' kind words,
I know what it right,
I know it by sight,
Those behaviors are ones I've __________.
What is "Observed"?
These are the types of receptors which detect temperature and pain!
What are free nerve endings?
These Psychologists made a rather big deal about how we organize information when processing it, creating a set of rules or laws to define how it works.
Rats learned to associate food with what stimulus (which causes nausea) with relative ease.
What is radiation?
Consider the following:
Charles watches his brother try to pull off a stunt on his skateboard only to watch him fail and become a meat crayon. He then shows off his wounds to his friends. Later, Charles attempts the same stunt.
Charles' behavior has changed as a result of observation of this type of consequence.
What is positive reinforcement?
Perhaps its simply my hormones,
or too much time on cell phones,
but I struggle to see
the colors on screen,
perhaps something's wrong with my ____________.
What are cones?
These are the small transducing organs in the cochlea that respond to pressure.
What are hair cells?
The tongue and olfactory senses in the nose both utilize these types of sensors.
What are "chemoreceptors"?
This is what happens when an association begins to wear down due to inconsistent presentations of stimuli or consequence.
What is extinction?
Consider the following:
Chance is in his room listening to a particular song by his favorite artist. He then scrolls through his phone and receives several notifications that he has been rejected on his dating applications. Now, Chance does not enjoy the song nearly as much as it makes him feel sad.
In this situation, the rejections are acting as this part of classical conditioning.
What is unconditioned stimulus?
Although a mouse is only pint-sized,
it looks just like the rat that excised
a piece of my finger.
My fear doth linger!
For from one thing I have ___________.
What is generalized?
This the explanation that certain parts of the cochlea respond strongest to particular frequencies.
What is "place theory"?
This is the big science-y word that means our understanding of body position and motion, often formed from combining our efferent and afferent neural networks.
What is proprioception?
This is the neutral stimulus used by Watson to train little Albert to be afraid.
What is a rat?
Consider the following:
Troy is trying to encourage himself to talk to his classmates before class, rather than stare at his phone. To do so, he quickly makes a mark on his notebook every time he talks to a classmate before class. After he has 5 marks, he treats himself to his favorite ice cream at Cold Stone. He finds that he is much more likely to talk to his peers after implementing this program.
The marks are this type of consequence (must mention 4 aspects).
What is a positive, immediate, conditioned reinforcement?
I hear the waves of the atlantic,
and my brother speaking germanic,
because my middle ear
has something I hold dear,
my vibrating membrane _______________.
What is tympanic?