Terms
What is the specific study of behavior and mental process called?
Psychology.
What is behaviorism?
The scientific study of observable behavior.
What is the first goal of psychology?
Describe -- Describe what you observe.
Who is Edward Titchner?
He developed structuralism.
What is natural selection?
a process through which traits adapt (or don't) to their surroundings.
What is introspection?
the examination of ones own conscious activities.
Increased heart rate, changes in hormone secretion, and communication among neurons in the brain are all, what?
Biological activities.
What is the second goal of psychology?
Explain -- organize and make sense of research findings.
Who is William James?
He developed functionalism.
Who is Wilhem Wundt?
The father of psychology.
Introspection.
What is the empirical method?
A process that uses objective observation to collect and measure data.
What is nature vs nurture?
The inherited biological factors that shape behaviors, personality, and other characteristics vs the environmental factors that shape behaviors, personality, and other characteristics.
What is the third goal of psychology?
Predict -- explanations can be used to predict behaviors or outcomes.
Who is Mary Whiton Calkins?
A student of William James who was denied the PhD she earned from Harvard because of her gender.
First female president of the APA.
What did Rene Descartes famously say?
"I think, therefore, I am."
What is structuralism?
An early school of psychology that used introspection to determine the structure and most basic elements of the mind.
What is the purpose of a placebo?
It is a fake treatment given to members of a control group to prevent experiment bias.
What is the fourth goal of psychology?
Change -- to change or control behavior.
Who are Francis Sumner Inez Beverly Prosser?
The first African American man and woman to earn a PhD in psychology.
What is dualism?
The body and mind interacting as two separate entities.
What is functionalism?
An early school of psychology that focused on the function of thoughts, feelings, and behaviors and how they help us adapt to the environment.
What is the difference between psychoanalytic, behavioral, humanistic, cognitive, evolutionary, biological, sociocultural, and biopsychosocial perspectives?
psychoanalytic -- created by Freud and suggests that behavior and personality are shaped by unconscious conflict.
behavioral -- suggests that behavior is primarily learned through associations, reinforcers, and observations.
humanistic -- suggests that human nature is positive and leans towards growth.
cognitive -- examines the mental processes that effect behavior.
evolutionary -- uses natural forces to understand behavior.
biological -- uses physiology to understand behavior.
sociocultural -- uses social interactions and cultural influence to explain behavior.
biopsychosocial -- uses biological, psychological, and sociocultural factors to understand behavior.
What famous children's show was the focus of a study in which researchers found a significant dip in cognitive function after only nine minutes of viewing?
SpongeBob SquarePants.
Who are George Sanchez and Martha Bernal?
The first Hispanic man and woman to earn a PhD in psychology.
Who is Marmie Phipps Clark?
She examined the impact of prejudice and discrimination on child development.