What Is Psychology
Who was the first woman to earn a Ph.D. in psychology?
Margaret Floy Washburn
This term is also known as the “I-knew-it-all-along” phenomenon.
What is hindsight bias
From the 1920s through the 1960s, the two major forces in psychology were ___________ and ___________ psychology.
What are Behaviorism and Freudian
All institutions that engage in research with humans, including colleges and universities are required to have this...
What is an IRB
This is a symmetrical distribution with values clustered around a central mean value
What is a normal distribution or a bell curve
The early school of psychology that employed the method of introspection was known as?
What is Structuralism
The ______ method is a self-correcting process for evaluating ideas with observations and analysis.
What conflicts determine behavior and personality?
What are unconscious conflicts
To be truly informed about a study, volunteers should be told at a minimum, the following details: State 2
What are: The topic of the study; the nature of any stimuli to which they will be exposed; the nature of any tasks they will complete; the approximate duration of the study; any potential physical/psychological/social risks involved; the steps that the researchers have taken to minimize those risks
Explain the difference between an independent variable and a dependent variable
What is IV (manipulated variable); DV (outcome)
Jane and Sarah were watching the evening news when viewers were asked to call in about the city's proposal to raise taxes. Later in the broadcast, the results were posted. Both Jane and Sarah were skeptical of the 68 percent of viewers who supported the tax increase. They wondered who were the people who called. Jane and Sarah are demonstrating?
What is Critical Thinking
When a survey group is not representative of the population being studied, the study is subject to what?
What is Sampling Bias
This describes the enhanced memory that results from repeated retrieval (as in self-testing) rather than from simple rereading of new information.
What is Testing Effect
Professor Stetson is conducting a study on memory with a sample of college students. Before they agree to participate, Professor Stetson tells them about the study and what they will do if they choose to participate. This is an example of what?
What is Informed Consent
This type of distribution occurs when the curve has an extended tail to the left of the cluster.
What is a negatively skewed distribution
It is 1965, and Professor B. F. Skinner is lecturing in your introductory course. He defines psychology as “the scientific study of __________________.”
What is observable behavior
If the points on the scatterplot show an upward pattern (both scores going up), the correlation is what?
What is Positive (Positively correlated)
The postexperimental explanation of a study, including its purpose and any deceptions, to its participants is called what?
What is debriefing
True or False; If researchers are studying children or individuals with mental disabilities, then they should only have to seek informed consent from those individuals they tend to study.
What is False; A third party, such as a parent or next of kin will have to give consent on behalf of the individual
In a double-blind procedure, who is unaware of the experimental group assignment?
Who is no one; neither the experimenter nor the participants are aware
Studies examining certain traits are helping to clarify the nature–nurture debate. For example, because ______________ have the same genes, researchers often include them in studies that examine the relative influence of environment and heredity on these traits.
What are identical twins
_______________ are built from _________ that are repeatedly tested and confirmed.
What are theories and hypotheses
True or False: Correlation implies causation
What is False
This case is one of the ten most often cited examples of unethical research in human beings (HINT: Involved 399 African American men from southern Alabama)
Psychologists calculate central tendency using one of three measures. What are they and explain each.
What are mean, median, and mode Mean: arithmetic average of a set of numbers Median: 50th %tile- point on the horizontal axis at which 50% of all observations are lower, and 50% of all observations are higher Mode: category with the highest frequency (most observations)