Terminology - Ch. 1
This is a simple form of conditioning that pairs two stimuli together, so that both cause the same response.
Example: Pavlov's dog experiment.
What is classical conditioning.
This is a test that evaluates a newborn's appearance, pulse, grimace, activity and respiratory health.
What is APGAR?
This is the first stage of cognitive development (according to Piaget), where infants learn to experience the world through their senses.
What is sensorimotor stage?
DAILY DOUBLE
These skills use the large muscles in the body (e.g. crawling, walking, lifting).
What are gross motor skills?
One of the 4 identity statuses of J. Marcia:
This is when a teen makes commitments without thinking through alternatives, or makes commitments to meet parents' expectations.
What is foreclosure?
This is a type of reinforcer that makes a target behavior increase.
What is a positive reinforcer?
This is a unlearned, automatic response to a stimulus.
What is a reflex?
This describes infants' ability to recognize that an object still exists when it's out of sight.
What is object permanence?
This term describes the brain's tendency to use other parts of the brain to compensate for injured parts.
What is plasticity?
ONE OF MARCIA'S 4 IDENTITY STATUSES:
This is where a teen makes no commitments and is not interested in exploring alternatives.
What is identity diffusion?
This happens when a child encounters something new, but puts it in the wrong mental category (part of Piaget's theory).
E.g. young children who see a cat for the first time might call it "dog."
What is accommodation?
This is the hormone that stimulates labor contractions (and also promotes bonding after the baby is born).
What is oxytocin?
What is aphasia?
This is the idea that properties of substances (weight or mass) stay the same even when the shape changes.
E.g. 500mL of water is the same amount in a short wide glass as it is in a tall thin glass.
What is conservation?
This last stage of cognitive development (according to Piaget) occurs in late childhood or adolescence. It includes the ability to think about abstract concepts, theories, what-if thinking, and flexible thinking.
What is formal operations?
This term describes the situation where a child can perform a task with a little bit of help, but cannot do it on his/her own yet.
This term describes a baby that is born earlier than 37 weeks of pregnancy.
What is preterm (or premature)?
This describes the number of words that a child can use in spoken language.
What is expressive vocabulary?
This is when a child puts himself at the center of things and is unable to take other perspectives on the world.
What is egocentrism?
What is imaginary audience?
This is a perspective in which psychologists view human development as a life-long process.
What is life-span perspective?
This is a condition that some mothers experience after childbirth. Symptoms: serious sadness, feeling hopeless, mood swings, trouble sleeping, loss of appetite.
What is "baby blues" or postpartum depression?
This describes the number of words that a child can understand.
What is receptive vocabulary?
A term that describes when children believe inanimate objects (rocks, toys) are alive.
What is animism?
A sense of belonging to an ethnic group.
What is ethnic identity?