Origins/Major Perspectives
Scientific Research
Learning
Development
Misc.
100
The continuing debate regarding which is more influential on human behavior: biology or society.
What is the nature-nurture issue?
100
A statement, based on prior research and observation, of the outcome the researcher expects to prove or disprove.
What is a hypothesis?
100
The process of learning associations between environmental events and behavioral responses.
What is conditioning?
100
Any agent that can potentially cause a birth defect or negatively alter cognitive or behavioral outcomes.
What is a teratogen?
100
Based on the consequences of one’s choices—punishment, reward, or an exchange of favors.
What is Preconventional Moral Reasoning?
200
Emphasized self-determination, free will, and choice.
What is Humanistic Psychology?
200
A precise why of defining a variable that allows it to be measured and tested?
What is an operational definition?
200
An innate reflex produced by an unconditioned stimulus.
What is an unconditioned response?
200
When infant’s cheek is stroke or side of mouth touched, the infant turns her/his head to touched side.
What is the rooting reflex?
200
The difference between what children achieve independently and what that can achieve with assistance.
What is the zone of proximal development?
300
The scientific study of behavior and mental processes.
What is psychology?
300
Based upon objective observation, measurement, and/or experimentation.
What is empirical evidence?
300
Occurrence of a stimulus or event the increases likelihood of repeating response.
What is reinforcement?
300
An infant moves through a series of introductions, separations, and reunions with caregiver and an adult stranger,
What is the strange situation?
300
Each stages consists of a unique developmental task that confronts individuals with a crisis that must be resolved,
What are Erikson’s eight stages of psychosocial development?
400
Behavior is merely a surface characteristic—symbolic workings of the mind have to be analyzed to understand behavior.
What is psychoanalysis?
400
Investigation through controlled experimentation—purposely manipulating one factor to produce change in another?
What is the experimental method?
400
Produces changes in the probability of an occurrence.
What is Operant Conditioning?
400
Internalized set of actions, which allows children to do mentally what they formerly did physically.
What are operations?
400
Exposure to inescapable and uncontrollable aversive events produces passive behavior.
What is learned helplessness?
500
How behavior is acquired or modified be environmental causes
What is the behavioral perspective?
500
A single number that represents information about the spread of scores in a distribution.
What is a measure of variability?
500
Event that follows a response and decreases the likelihood of reoccurring.
What is punishment?
500
The ability to use words, images, and symbols to represent world.
What is symbolic thought?
500
Encourages children to be independent but still sets firms limits and controls actions.
What is authoritative?
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