Physical Development
In terms of physical growth during middle childhood:
a. There is a continued trend from less stocky to more slender
b. Boys reach their adolescent growth spurt before girls
c. Group differences are more prominent than individual differences
d. Growth occurs at a more rapid rate than during infancy or early childhood
a) There is a continued trend from less stocky to more slender
Which of the following makes a good school environment?
a. Performance expectations rather than learning expectations
b. Learning expectations rather than performance expectations
c. Larger class sizes
d. Infrequent assessment of student performance
b) Learning expectations rather than performance expectations.
Lucy has been worrying about everything lately. She feels her heart racing and has trouble breathing when it is her turn to read aloud in class. In gym, she worries that her peers can see her sweating through her shirt and begins to cry. She asks the teacher if she can go home sick from school for the third time that week with a stomachache. Lucy most likely has
a. Anxiety
b. Depression
c. Conduct disorder
d. Obsessive-compulsive disorder
a) Anxiety
10-year-old Jacob frequently skips school to drink alcohol. He has hit his brother so hard that his brother was knocked unconscious and had to be admitted to the hospital. When asked about his behavior, Jacob lies or blames other children. Jacob most likely has
a. ADHD
b. Conduct disorder
c. Depression
d. Obsessivecompulsive disorder
b) Conduct disorder
Which of the following best captures the relationship between intelligence and IQ?
a. IQ is the same thing as intelligence
b. IQ does not take into account the child’s age whereas intelligence does
c. Intelligence is a score on a test at a given time whereas IQ is the abstract idea of overall cognitive ability
d. IQ is a score on a test at a given time whereas intelligence is the abstract idea of overall cognitive ability
d) IQ is a score on a test at a given time whereas intelligence is the abstract idea of overall cognitive ability
What is the primary brain area that is developing during middle childhood?
a. Parietal lobes
b. Occipital lobes
c. Temporal lobes
d. Frontal lobes
d) Frontal lobes
Self-directed, cognitive or mental abilities that people need to actively pursue goals are
a. Social problem solving skills
b. Decentration abilities
c. Executive functions
d. Gross motor abilities
c) Executive functions
Which of the following is NOT a category/subtype of ADHD?
a. Inattentive type
b. Hyperactive/ Impulsive type
c. Combined type
d. Dysregulated type
d) Dysregulated type
Children’s understanding of the relationship between the self and others is known as
a. Self-concept
b. Social cognition
c. Social malleability
d,. Interpersonal reversibility
b) Social cognition
Which of the following skills is NOT required for reading?
a. Perception
b. Integration of auditory and sensory information
c. Decentration
d. Attention
c) Decentration
Which of the following is NOT true regarding asthma?
a. It is more commo n in affluent nations than poor nations
b. It is more serious in affluent nations than poor nations
c. It is treated with nasal cortico steroids
d. It is characterized by wheezing and lung spasms
b. It is more serious in affluent nations than poor nations
A child intentionally engaging in rehearsal to remember a list of words because they know that repeating it out loud helps them remember it is an example of
a. Elaboration
b. Chunking
c. Self-regulation
d. Metamemory
d) Metamemory
In general, research finds that compared to children raised by heterosexual parents, children raised by LGBTQ parents are
a. At higher risk for learning disorders
b. More likely to identify as LGBTQ themselves
c. More likely to show externalizing behavior
d. Very similar (i.e., there are few if any differences)
d) Very similar (i.e., there are few if any differences)
Which of the following is NOT true of children in Piaget’s concrete operational stage?
a. Children fully understand abstract reasoning (e.g., can understand what X stands for in 4x + 7 = 11)
b. Children master the concept of reversibility
c. Children can engage in decentration
d. Children understand laws of conservation
a. Children fully understand abstract reasoning (e.g., can understand what X stands for in 4x + 7 = 11)
Strutt et al. (1975) conducted a study in which participants (6- year-olds, 9-yearolds, 12-yearolds, and adults) had to sort cards into piles based on whether they had squares or circles on them. Older participants were faster at this task than younger participants, as they could more easily disregard irrelevant information (i.e., extra shapes on the cards). This study demonstrated that across development ______________ improves.
a. Concrete operations
b. Selective attention
c. Episodic memory
d. Sensory memory
b) Selective attention
In general, boys and girls are similar in terms of motor development in middle childhood. One difference between them is that
a. Boys tend to have better balance and girls tend to have better overall strength
b. Boys tend to have better balance and girls tend to be better at throwing a ball
c. Boys tend to have better forearm strength and girls tend to have better flexibility
d. Boys tend to have better flexibility and girls tend to be better at throwing a ball
c. Boys tend to have better forearm strength and girls tend to have better flexibility
The Sticks Task uses seriation to demonstrate the concept of
a. Transitivity
b. Decentration
c. Reversibility
d. Class inclusion
a) Transitivity
According to Kohlberg, which level(s) of moral reasoning is/are focused on rewards or punishments for actions?
a. Preconventional
b. Conventional
c. Postconventional
d. All of the above
a) Preconventional
During the concrete operational stage, children begin to understand that if Jim has more candy than Joe, and Joe has more candy than Kim, then Jim must also have more candy than Kim. This is known as the principle of
a. Class inclusion
b. Transitivity
c. Conservation of number
d. Decentration
b) Transitivity
Spearman’s theory conceptualizes intelligence as being comprised of
a. General intelligence (g) and specific abilities (s)
b. Math intelligence, reading intelligence, and writing intelligence
c. Analytical, creative, and practical intelligence
d. Multiple domains, such as linguistic, logical, naturalistic, or interpersonal intelligences
a) General intelligence (g) and specific abilities (s)
Phonological disorder is characterized by
a. Difficulties understanding language
b. Difficulties with articulation
c. Difficulties with the social aspects of language
d. All of the above
b) Difficulties with articulation
Sternberg’s triarchic theory conceptualizes intelligence as being comprised of
a. General intelligence (g) and specific abilities (s)
b. Math intelligence, reading intelligence, and writing intelligence
c. Analytical, creative, and practical intelligence
d. Multiple domains, such as linguistic, logical, naturalistic, or interpersonal intelligences
c) Analytical, creative, and practical intelligence
In Piaget’s autonomous morality stage of moral development, children
a. Base judgments on the wrongdoer’s intentions more than the amount of damage
b. Base judgments on the amount of damage more than the wrongdoer’s intentions
c. Base judgments off of potential rewards and punishments
d. Base judgments off of authority figures in their lives
a) Base judgments on the wrongdoer’s intentions more than the amount of damage
Stimulants used to treat ADHD (e.g., Ritalin, Adderall)
a. Increase activity in the nervous system
b. Decrease activity in the nervous system
c. Increase or decrease activity in the nervous system depending on the additional medications of the child
d. Do not impact the nervous system
a) Increase activity in the nervous system
Gardner’s theory conceptualizes intelligence as being comprised of
a. General intelligence (g) and specific abilities (s)
b. Math intelligence, reading intelligence, and writing intelligence
c. Analytical, creative, and practical intelligence
d. Multiple domains, such as linguistic, logical, naturalistic, or interpersonal intelligences
d) Multiple domains, such as linguistic, logical, naturalistic, or interpersonal intelligences