Chapter 1
This is the influence of a child's biological predisposition on their development.
What is nature?
In Freud's Psychoanalytic Theory, this is our basic instincts.
What is the id?
In an experriment, this varibale is the outcome of interest to the researcher.
What is the dependent variable?
A fertilized egg is called this.
What is a zygote?
Temporary anxiety, irritability, and sadness in a person who just gave birth is called this.
What is baby blues?
This is the environmental influence on achild's development.
In B. F. Skinner's Operant Conditioning, a parent will use this type of reaction to decrease the likelihood of the behavior.
What is a punisher?
This type of research attempts to add to our knowledge in the field without purposely addressing a specific problem to solve.
What is basic research?
A person's genetic makeup is called this.
What is a genotype?
This type of development begins at the head and progresses down/
What is cephalocaudal?
These types of developmental changes happen in incremental, continuous ways.
What are quantitative changes?
This part of Bronfenbrenner's Ecological Systems Theory is time the child is alive (e.g. era, generation, etc.).
What is the chronosystem?
In an experiment, this is the group of participants who do not receive the treatment.
What is the control group?
The degree to which two people are similar is called this.
What is the concordance rate?
This stage of prenatal developmental during weeks 2-8 includes crucial organ development.
What is the embryonic stage?
Children actively contribute to their development by seeking out environments that fit their genes, a process called this.
In this Little Albert experiment, the loud noise that caused a natural fear reaction is called this term.
What is the unconditioned stimulus?
In an experiment, participants are put in either the experimental or control group by chance, which is called this.
What is random assignment?
When the genetic pathway is not very constrained, allwoing the environment to have more of an impact, it is called this.
What is shallow canalization?
The two A's in APGAR stand for this and this.
What is Activity level and Appearance?
This stage of development is the period between 1-3 years of age.
What is being a toddler?
A modern criticism of Freud's work is that it lacks this thing, meaning it can't be tested using the scientific method.
What is empiricism?
In this method of infant research, infants are presented with a new object, and researchers measure how long it takes for them to lose interest.
What is the habituation method?
These type of twins are a result of two ova being fertilized by two sperm.
What are dizygotic twins?
This type of disease is caused by teratogens in undercooked meat, cat feces, and ground soil.
What is toxoplasmosis?