Chapter 1: Thinking Like a Researcher
A ____________ is a factor in a research study that has two or more possible values.
Variable
An article in which original research is described, where the authors collected and analyzed their own data is what type of source?
Primary Source
________ = Consistency
________ = Accuracy
Reliability
Validity
________ ___________ asks people to report on their own attitudes and behaviors
Survey Research
In a __________ _________ the researcher has a series of questions that they will ask the participant, but they are able to ask follow-up or clarifying questions as necessary.
Semi-Structured Interview
True or False:
An informed consent statement must outline the risks and benefits of participation
True
Title
Authors
Introduction
Results
Method
Discussion
Abstract
False:
Title
Authors
Abstract
Introduction
Method
Results
Discussion
T/F
Something can be valid but not reliable
False: if something is valid, it is always reliable.
Cohen wants to do a study where he identifies the prevalence of autism within a community. What type of study is he doing?
Descriptive Study
T/F
Validity and reliability are properties of both your overall research design and your measures.
True
What are main concerns with the use of deception in research?
a. risk of harm to participants
b. risk of harm to the field by increasing suspicion of research
c. risk of harm to the researcher
d. may invalidate research results
e. a, b, c,
f. a, b, d
g. all of the above
f. a, b, d
T/F
A Meta-analysis is a primary source
Name the four scales of measurement
Nominal
Ordinal
Interval
Ratio
- A helpful way to remember this is the acronym N.O.I.R.
The cons of interviews include:
a. Increased social desirability
b. difficulty promising anonymity
c. Interviewer bias
d. all of the above
d. all of the above
________ ________ is when a measure, on the surface, seems like it is measuring what is supposed to.
Face Validity
_____________ is a promise to keep information private, but the research may still be able to link identifying information to the participant
______________ ensures that no one, except for the participant, can link their information to their responses.
Confidentiality
Anonymity
What two things are wrong with this APA style reference?
Shergill, G. (2024). Journal of Scholarly Studies. Exploring Students' Understanding of APA References: A Critical Review. 16, 100 - 120. https://doi.org.10.1220/j1224124-44
1. The journal name should come after the article title.
2. The article title should be lowercase except for the first letter (Exploring), the first letter after a colon : (A), and any proper nouns or initialisms (APA).
The correct formatting is: Exploring students' understanding of APA references: A critical review
The researcher had a measure that displays a Cronbach's alpha of .40. How should this be interpreted?
This would indicate that the measure has poor reliability - generally measures that are .70 and above are considered to be reliable.
A __________ is a smaller subset of that group that shares some characteristic (e.g. gender, race, age, etc.)
A _________ is the group of people that you directly study and collect data about
Population
Subpopulation
Sample
Pearson did a study in which her measure of academic achievement was strongly associated with participants' end-of-year grades. Her measure can be said to have high _______ _________
Predictive Validity
_______________________ an active process involving engagement with information and ideas, careful analysis based on current knowledge, and careful evaluation of personal biases that affect your interpretation of knowledge.
Critical Thinking
__________ The likelihood that your study will find an "effect" or relationship between variables if one actually exists.
Power
A measure with high ________ _________ would be highly related to other measures that measure the same construct.
Convergent Validity
Confidence Interval
Fisher conducted a study that involved the use of deception. The study involved putting participants in potentially embarrassing situations and monitoring their reactions. What must Fisher do after the participant is done with the study?
Debrief