Ch. 4
The type of parenting style associated with high warmth and high expectations, often linked to the most positive adolescent outcomes.
Authoritative parenting
A psychological crisis over identity believed to occur between the ages of 35 and 45.
Midlife Crisis
A small, close-knit group of friends that provides emotional support and shapes adolescent identity.
Clique
The peer process where adolescents choose friends similar to themselves.
Selection
True or False: All adolescents experience the transition to adulthood the same way.
False
The term for the biological or legal relationship between parents and their children.
Family structure
When adolescents resist their parents’ control, they are seeking:
Autonomy
A larger, reputation-based group of adolescents often defined by stereotypes (e.g., “jocks,” “nerds”).
Crowd
A social dynamic where adolescents may conform to peers to avoid rejection.
Peer Conformity
The parenting style with both low responsiveness and low demandingness.
Neglectful parenting
The emotional bonds and patterns of communication between family members.
Family process
The ability to balance growing independence with maintaining supportive family relationships.
Healthy autonomy
The term for the influence peers have on an adolescent’s attitudes, behaviors, and decision-making.
Peer pressure
The degree to which adolescents feel accepted and included by their peers.
Peer acceptance
The process of adolescents distancing emotionally from parents, seen as unhealthy.
Detachment
One factor that influences how divorce impacts adolescent development.
Level of parental conflict
Which theory focuses on changing family roles as adolescents mature?
B. Family systems theory
A key developmental task of adolescence often influenced by friendships and social comparison.
Identity development
What is the primary benefit of peer groups during adolescence?
Developing autonomy and identity
The social function of cliques during adolescence.
Providing intimacy, support, and belonging
The process by which adolescents become more autonomous from parents while maintaining emotional connection.
Individuation
What is detachment in family relationships?
Emotional distancing from parents
A ceremony or event that symbolizes a transition into adult status (e.g., bar/bat mitzvah, quinceañera).
Rite of passage
The time period when peer conformity is typically the strongest.
Early Adolescence
The group dynamic that encourages adolescents to adopt roles or reputations within a larger social structure.
Crowd affiliation